肉鸡不同生长时期光照模式研究

On Illumination Pattern for Broilers in Different Growth Cycles

研究探索了优质肉鸡不同生长时期的最佳光照模式,以期优化生殖系统发育及全面提升生产性能。选用0日龄的优质肉鸡S3系母鸡540只,每组180只,分别针对育雏期、育成期和产蛋期设计三种不同类型的光照模式饲养于三间封闭式鸡舍内,试验期66周。结果表明:(1)14周龄时,第Ⅱ组卵巢表面开始密布着小黄卵泡和大白卵泡,至开产周龄时第Ⅱ组较第Ⅰ组和第Ⅲ组明显密集(P<0.05),卵泡表面相对更为光滑;23周龄时,第Ⅱ组输卵管长度更长、管壁更厚(P<0.05)。(2)整个产蛋期第Ⅱ组的产蛋率、蛋重和日产蛋量显著高于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),产蛋后期Ⅰ组产蛋率开始显著低于Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。整个产蛋期Ⅱ组料蛋比显著低于Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组(P<0.05),死淘率高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),低于Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。(3)整个产蛋期内,蛋壳强度、蛋黄重表现为Ⅰ和Ⅲ组显著小于Ⅱ组,产蛋后期蛋壳强度表现为Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),蛋黄重表现为Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。(4)相关性分析表明了输卵管长与输卵管管壁厚度、最大卵泡直径和产蛋率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与大、小黄卵泡数、蛋重等呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。综合比较三组光照模式,第Ⅱ组在生殖系统发育、产蛋性能及蛋品质方面最优。

The present experiment was conducted to study the optimum illumination pattern in order to optimize broiler's reproduction system and elevate production performance in all respects.540 S3 line hens of 0-day-old high-quality were selected,180 in each group.Three different types of light patterns were designed for the incubation period,growing period and egg laying period,hens were fed in three closed henhouses with a test period of 66 weeks.The results showed that:(1)At 14 weeks of age,G2 were more densely populated with small and great white follicles than G1 and G3.Compared with G1 and G3,the surface of follicles under microscope in G2 were smoother(P<0.05).At 23 weeks,fallopian in G2 was longer and the wall was thicker than G1 and G3(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the G1 and G3,the egg laying rate,egg weight and the daily egg production in G2 were significantly higher(P<0.05),and the egg laying rate of G1 became lower than G3 in late stage.The feed-gain ratio in G2 and was significantly lower than G1 and G3(P<0.05),but mortality and elimination rate was higher than G1(P<0.05)and lower than G3(P<0.05).(3)In the period of egg laying,the egg-shell strength and egg yolk weight of G1 and G3 were significantly lower than G2,but the egg-shell strength in G3 was higher than G1(P<0.05),the egg yolk in G3 was lower than G1(P<0.05 in late period).(4)Correlation analysis showed that the length of fallopian was in highly significantly positive correlation with wall thickness,maximum follicle diameter and egg production rate(P<0.01),and was significantly positively correlated with the number of large and small yellow follicles and egg weight(P<0.05).In light of the illumination pattern of the 3 groups,G2 had the best achievements in reproduction system development,egg production performance and egg quality.