基于TOPSIS模型的凉山州空间贫困特征及障碍因素分析

On the Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Poverty in Liangshan Prefecture Using TOPSIS model

由于贫困问题具有典型的空间特征,不少地理学者采用空间分析方法和技术研究空间要素与贫困之间的关系。现有研究成果表明,区位、交通、环境是致贫的主要影响因素。随着贫困标准和内涵的不同解读,贫困问题的研究逐渐全面深化,呈现出多标准化、定量化和区域化等特征。凉山州地处中国西南,受区位、交通等条件的制约,经济社会发展相对滞后,是中国的深度贫困地区,其贫困影响因子复杂、相互叠加,进一步加剧了区域贫困程度。因此,采用科学的方法,揭示凉山州的空间贫困分布规律,分析其贫困影响因子具有重要意义。从自然、社会、经济3个方面构建贫困评价指标体系,采用TOPSIS模型和GIS方法,分析凉山州的空间贫困特征,并运用障碍度模型分析凉山州各县的主要障碍因子。研究表明,凉山州的贫困区域分为三类:高贫困区、中贫困区和低贫困区。高贫困区分布在凉山州的东部,中贫困地区分布在凉山州的西部和南部,低贫困地区分布在凉山州的中部和南部。从障碍度因子分析看,海拔高程、化肥施用量、农村用电量、村卫生室数、新型农村合作医疗参合率及农民纯收入6个指标是主要障碍因素。研究结果可为凉山州的扶贫政策制定提供一定的参考。

Poverty shows significant spatial characteristics,so geographers usually use spatial analysis approaches to explore the relationships between geographical elements and poverty.It has been found that location,transportation and environment were primary factors that influence poverty.As there are different interpretations of poverty,various standardizations,quantification approaches and regionalization properties of poverty have been proposed.This article aims to explore the spatial distribution and obstacle factors of poverty.The Liangshan prefecture is located in the southwest of China is taking as an example.Due to the constraints of location and transportation of this area,its socioeconomic development is relatively lagging.Actually,Liangshan prefecture is one of the deep poverty areas in China.The influencing factors of poverty in this area are relatively complex and superimposed,which further exacerbates its regional poverty.We construct an evaluation index system of poverty from the aspects of natural,social and economic factors using TOPSIS model.The spatial distribution of poverty in Liangshan prefecture is analyzed using TOPOSIS and GIS,and the main obstacle factors are detected with the help of obstacle degree model.It is found that the povertystricken areas in Liangshan prefecture can be classified into extremely poor,poor and slightly poor.The extremely poor areas distribute in the eastern part of Liangshan prefecture,while the poor areas spread in the west and south of Liangshan prefecture.The slightly poor areas are located in the central and southern parts of Liangshan prefecture.It is also detected that the elevation,chemical fertilizer usage,electricity consumption in rural areas,number of village clinics,the participation rate of new rural cooperative medical and net income of farmers are the main influencing factors of poverty.This approach could shed light on the policy making of poverty alleviation in Liangshan prefecture.