春季城市中华蜜蜂的食物结构与蜂蜜金属元素含量——以四川省内江市为例

Food Structure and Metal Contents in the Honey of Apis cerana cerana in the Urban Gardens in Spring-a Case Study in Neijiang City,Sichuan

中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana是我国重要的本土传粉者,为评价城市生境对中华蜜蜂的生态价值,在四川省内江市城区人工饲养蜂群,调查和测定了其春季的食物来源和蜂蜜质量。结果表明,春季城市园林中开花植物资源丰富,中华蜜蜂可有效地采集花蜜、花粉等食物资源;城郊农作物也是其积极采集的食物对象。除油菜Brassica napus var.oleifera初花期外,蜂蜜中油菜花粉比例均低于50%,表明即使存在开花大宗作物,春季园林植物仍然是城市蜂群重要的食物来源。蜂蜜中金属元素含量在不同蜂群、时间存在一定差异,未检测出危害较大的铬、镉和铅,但样品中检测出微量的铝和钒,且城市蜂蜜锌含量总体高于非城市,提示蜂蜜无重金属污染,但应注意风险防范。本研究对于理解城市园林植物为访花昆虫提供的食物质量和指导城市养蜂具有参考价值。

Apis cerana cerana is an important indigenous pollinator in China.In order to evaluate the ecological value of urban habitat to A.c.cerana,the food sources and honey quality in spring were investigated and determined by artificially raised honeybee colonies in urban areas.The results showed that there were abundant flowering plant resources in urban gardens in spring,and the honeybees could effectively collect nectar and pollen as food sources.The suburban crops were the food source of the honeybees as well.Except for the early flowering stage of rape(Brassica napus var.oleifera),the proportion of rape pollen in honey was less than 50%,indicating that even there were abundant flowering crops,the garden plants were still an important food source for urban honeybees in spring.The contents of metal elements were varied in different colonies and time,and no harmful elements such as Cr,Cd and Pb were detected.However,Al and V elements were detected in honey sample,and the content of Zn in urban honey was higher than that of the countryside.These results suggested that the quality of nectar was good,but attention should be paid to prevent the risk factors.The current study provides a reference for understanding the food quality of flower-visiting insects provided by urban garden plants and guiding the urban beekeeping.