江河源头区生态补偿标准测算方法研究

A Proposed Ecological Compensation Method for Headwater Region of Rivers

江河源头区生态、经济和社会特征突出,常规生态补偿方法在江河源头区适用性存在问题。[目的]提出江河源头区生态补偿标准测算方法。[方法]通过皮尔曲线和土地利用占比分别赋予主体功能价值和次要功能价值不同的权重,确定了主体功能法的2种补偿标准测算方法。以雅砻江支流安宁河源头区作为典型进行实例计算,并与常规生态补偿方法的计算结果进行了对比分析。[结果]核算金额大小关系:生态系统服务功能法(23.15亿)>主体功能法1(皮尔曲线5.89亿)>主体功能法2(土地利用5.68亿)>机会成本法(4.93亿)>条件价值法(1.92亿)。按照主体功能法实施生态补偿后,源头区上下游人均财政收入差距从原来的2.5倍缩小到1.1倍左右。[结论]本研究提出的主体功能法充分考虑了源头区的生态特征、社会的经济发展阶段以及补偿主体的可承受能力,能够有效调整源头区上下游损益关系,并且2种主体功能法中的主要与次要功能价值权重确定客观,具有普适性。

[Objective]Ecological and socioeconomic characteristics of headwater of a river are unique and its ecological compensation cannot be calculated using the conventional ecological compensation method. The purpose of this paper is to present a dominant ecological function method(DEFM) to resolve this problem.[Method]Different weights were assigned to the main function and the minor function, and the values of the weights were determined by the Pearl curve or proportion of the land use. These weights were then used to calculate the main function and the secondary function. The model was applied to a headwater region in Anning River Basin-a tributary of the Yalong River. The results obtained from the proposed method were compared with those obtained from the conventional ecological compensation method. [Result]The amount of ecological compensation was ranked in: Ecosystem service value(2 315 million)>DEFM1(589 million) > DEFM2(568 million)>The opportunity cost(493 million) > Contingent value method(192 million). Implementing the ecological compensation based on the DEFM could reduce the difference in tourism income between the top and bottom of the headwater from 2.5 times to 1.1 times. [Conclusion]The proposed DFEM considered the ecological characteristics of the headwater, social development level and the affordability of the compensation subject. It can effectively balance the loss and profile of both upstream and downstream of the headwater region.