重型颅脑损伤气管切开患者早期康复护理干预的效果分析

Early rehabilitation intervention outcomes in patients of severe craniocerebral injury following tracheotomy

目的:探讨重型颅脑损伤患者气管切开术后早期康复护理干预的效果。方法:纳入2016年6月~2018年5月在芜湖市第二人民医院康复医学科住院的48例重型颅脑损伤气管切开患者为对象,根据护理措施不同,分为对照组与观察组各24例,其中2016年6月~2017年5月收治患者采用常规康复护理干预为对照组,2017年6月~2018年5月收治患者实施早期康复护理干预为观察组;观察护理干预后两组患者住院时间、首次下床时间、气管切开拔管时间、康复率、预后效果(肢体运动功能评分、日常生活能力评分)。结果:观察组住院时间、首次下床时间、气管切开拔管时间较对照组缩短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理干预前,两组的肢体运动功能评分、日常生活能力评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组患者护理干预后肢体运动功能评分、日常生活能力评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组患者肢体运动功能评分及日常生活能力评分提升幅度均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理干预后观察组康复率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对重型颅脑损伤气管切开患者进行早期康复护理干预,不仅可以提高康复率,且缩短了康复时间、有效提高了患者肢体运动功能,改善了预后。

Objective:To investigate the effects of early rehabilitation care on patients with severe craniocerebral injury following tracheotomy.Methods:Forty-eight patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted to and undergone tracheotomy in department were included between June 2016 and May 2018,and allocated to control group(recruited from June 2016 to May 2017;n=24;cared by conventional rehabilitation,)and observational group(recruited between June 2017 and May 2018;n=24;received early rehabilitation intervention nursing)by the nursing interventions taken.The two groups were compared on hospital stays,initial resumed off-bed ambulation,time to extubate,recovery rate and prognosis(by scoring of the limb motor function and activities of daily living).Results:Patients in the observational group had significantly shortened hospital stay,earlier resuming of off-bed ambulation and extubation than those in control group(P<0.05),yet the two groups remained insignificant in scoring on limb motor function and activities of daily living before nursing intervention(P>0.05).Higher limb motor function and activities of daily living scores as well as the increase of scoring and rehabilitation rate were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Early rehabilitation nursing intervention can result in improved rehabilitation rate,reduced rehabilitation time,and better limb motor function and prognosis for patients of severe craniocerebral injury after tracheotomy.