宋代边界意识的凸显与使臣的地理文化感知

Study on Envoys’Frontier Awareness and Perceptions of Geographic Culture in the Song Dynasty

澶渊之盟后,北宋与辽之间的边境地带维持了长久的稳定,大批使臣越过边界,深入到了辽地。面对陌生的地理环境,使臣们有深刻的体验,一方面一些山川使他们在地理上有了“界隔夷夏”的感觉,另一方面先秦以来形成的夷夏观念被赋予在了这些山川上,从而使这些山川有了特殊的文化意味。这些体验在北宋的使辽行记和诗歌中有突出的反映,甚至到了南宋,这些体验依然强烈。以此为中心进行观察,可以看出在疆域缩小的政治地理背景下宋代士大夫严防夷夏的观念的形成,以及在此观念下文化的“内倾”转向。

The border between the Song Dynasty and Kingdom Liao remained generally stable after Chanyuan Treaty of Alliance.Many envoys crossed the border between Song and Liao and traveled deep into Kingdom Liao.They had a profound experience there,one is the isolation caused by some mountains and rivers making them filled with feelings of Yi-xia,the other is that these mountains and rivers were endowed with cultural implication.The experiences were more obvious in their traveling records and poetry.Even until the South Song Dynasty,they still had such strong feelings.This paper shows the awareness development of the precaution against Yi-xia of the the scholar-bureaucrats in the Song Dynasty,as well as the turn of culture inwardness in such a context.