商业银行“生前遗嘱”法律问题分析

Analysis on the Legal Issues of Commercial Banks’“Living Wills”

近年来,世界各国为应对“大而不倒”商业银行引发的道德风险,预防金融系统性风险,开始推行“生前遗嘱”制度。当前该制度在我国实施过程中,仍存在法律体系不健全、本土化程度不深、商业银行信用信息体系建设不完整等问题。秉持问题导向原则,我国商业银行“生前遗嘱”制度应当有合理的法律对策构想,即存款保险制度、金融控股公司监管、商业银行破产制度等相关立法应当予以完善;指标本土化过程中应着重考虑中小银行压力承受问题,对于民营银行“生前遗嘱”制度的推行则以“假设法”为途径,运用“弹性”选择与强制评估认定相结合;在商业银行信用信息体系建设方面要致力于结合区块链等科技提高信息透明度,促进金融监管。

In recent years,in order to cope with the moral hazard and prevent financial systemic risks caused by commercial banks“Too big to fall”,the“living wills”system was launched internationally.At present,in the implementation process of this system,there are still problems such as the not-complete legal system,the lack of further localization and the incomplete construction of the credit information system of commercial banks.According to the problem-oriented principle,There should be certain legal countermeasures to be improved for the"living wills"system of commercial banks in China,such as deposit insurance system,financial holding company supervision,commercial bank bankruptcy system and other relevant legislation.The localization of indicators should focus on small and medium banks’abilities of taking pressure.Based on the“hypothesis method”,the idea of implementation of“living wills”system applied to private banks in China is also proposed which is under the premise of ensuring the objective environment and the concept of combining“elastic”choice with compulsory assessment.As for the construction of commercial bank credit information system,it is committed to combining it with technology such as blockchain to improve information transparency and promote financial supervision.