政党、宗教与社会控制:南京国民政府初期国民党对基督教青年会的国家治理

Party,Religion and Social Control:the National Governance of the Kuomintang to the YMCA,1927—1931

南京国民政府建立之后,曾明令禁止军队进驻教堂,保护教会财产,确保信仰自由。但国民党地方党部基于意识形态,沿用北伐时期的反教话语,视基督教为帝国主义侵略中国的工具,致使地方社会出现层出不穷的党教冲突事件,上海基督教青年会国旗事件便为其中一例。此事迁延甚久,双方矛盾不断升级,最终由国民党中央制定对青年会(后扩展到基督教团体)的指导办法,即党部指导、政府监督。在实际操作层面,国民党经常受制于中外关系和条约体制,难以对基督教团体进行有效管理,呈现出了弱势独裁的党国体制所催生的异样的宗教生态。

After the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,the violent anti-Christian incident has come to an end obviously.The KMT has issued several announcements,which prohibit the military from stationing in churches and protect church property and freedom of belief.Based on the ideology,the KMT local party headquarters used the anti-religious discourse of the Northern Expedition and regarded Christianity as a tool for imperialist aggression against China.As a result,there are a large number of party-church conflicts in local society.The Shanghai YMCA flag incident was one of them.The matter has been postponed for such a long time that the contradiction has escalated constantly.Ultimately,the KMT Central Committee has formulated guidelines for the YMCA(later extended to all Christian groups),that is,the Party guide and government supervise.But in the actual management process,the KMT is often subject to Sino-foreign relations and treaty systems,and difficult to manage Christian groups effectively.These results present a different religious ecology,which generates from the weak dictatorship of the part-state system.