中国国家治理中的政法委制度:沿革、论争与走向

The CPC’s Political-Legal Committee in Chinese State Governance:Historical Evolution,Research Debates and Future Trend

政法委员会作为维护政治安全、社会安定、人民安宁和促进经济社会持续健康发展的重要部门,对于保障国家治理的安全有效具有重要的意义。中华人民共和国成立七十余年来,政法委制度经历了探索发展、改革调整、快速膨胀以及转型完善等发展阶段,为国家治理现代化提供了重要的保障。考察已有相关研究成果,采取基于权力分立制衡的宪政主义框架分析当代中国政法委时,往往易得出党政不分、影响司法独立、公信危机、人治主义等结论,从而将政法委制度视为推进全面依法治国的阻力因素;而从政治、历史和现实等层面探讨中国特有的政法文化,将政法委制度运作过程中存在的问题,视为一套政治制度在其建立、运行过程中所需要付出的制度成本,则能够凸显政法委制度存在的合理性。因此,为了更客观理解政法委制度未来的走向,需要开展更多实证方面的研究,关注其在国家治理体系中的作用发挥。

As an important department for maintaining political security,social stability,people’s peace,and promoting sustained and healthy economic and social development,the CPC’s Political-Legal Committee is of great significance for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of state governance.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China in the past 70 years,the CPC’s Political-Legal Committee has experienced development stages such as exploration and development,reform and adjustment,rapid expansion,and transformation and improvement,providing an important guarantee for the modernization of state governance.According to the relevant research achievements,on the one hand,it is easy to draw conclusions about the indifference of the party and the government,affecting the independence of the judiciary,the crisis of public trust,and the rule of human governance when you take the perspective of the constitutionalism framework based on the separation of powers and balances analyzes the CPC’s Political-Legal Committee and take it as the resistance factor for promoting the full rule of law;on the other hand,those paper discussed China’s unique political-legal culture from the perspectives of politics,history and reality,they regards the problems existing in the operation of the CPC’s Political-Legal Committee as a set of institutional costs that the political system needs to pay in the process of its establishment and operation,which can highlight the rationality of the existence of the system.Therefore,we should pay more attention on empirical research in the China’s governance system in order to more objectively understand the future direction of the CPC’s Political-Legal Committee.