“象鼠博弈”:城市拆迁中的官民策略性互动逻辑——以Q市“里院”改造项目为例

Elephant-Rat Game:The strategic Interactive Logic between the officials and Citizens in Urban Demolition——A case study of the reconstruction project of"inner courtyard"in Q city

因征地拆迁引发冲突是我国城市化中的普遍现象。由于我国拆迁问题的特殊属性,理解拆迁中地方政府(拆迁方)与民众(被拆迁方)的行为及其互动关系尤为重要。本文以“国家—社会”关系理论与底层抗争理论为基础,构建出一个“象鼠博弈”框架,用以分析城市拆迁中政府与民众的策略性互动逻辑。该框架认为,地方政府(“象”)与民众(“鼠”)分别在“发展—稳定”与“维权—争利”目标指向下在拆迁场域进行策略性互动。这种互动主要包括两种类型:“动员—合作”与“管控—抗争”。互动中的政府与民众有着多种策略选择且策略之间存在关联效应,分别体现为“契合效应”与“冲突效应”。以Q市“里院”改造项目为案例进行的考察发现,地方政府与民众的策略选择与运用共同构成了一个复杂且动态的官民互动过程。研究表明,当前城市拆迁过程中各利益主体的策略性博弈存在脆弱性和不平衡性,进而造成冲突僵局,实现官民良性互动需要协商治理模式的构建。

The conflict caused by requisition and demolition is universal phenomenon of urbanization in our country.It is particularly important to understand the behavior and interactive relationship between local government(demolition)and citizens(party that is to be demolished)during the demolition,due to the special attributes of demolition problem in our country.Based on the theory on the relations of"state-society"with the underlying struggle,this article builds a"Elephant-Rat game"framework to analyze strategic interaction between the government and the public in urban demolition logic.According to the framework,local governments("elephants")and citizens("rats")have strategic interactions in the demolition field under the target of"development-stability"and"right protection-competition for benefits"respectively.This kind of interaction mainly includes two types:"mobilization-cooperation"and"control-struggle".The government and citizens in the interaction have various strategic choices and there are correlation effects between the strategies,which are respectively reflected as"fit effect"and"conflict effect".Based on the case study of the reconstruction project of"inner courtyard"in Q city,it is found that the strategic selection and application of local government and citizens together constitute a complex and dynamic process of interaction between officials and people.Research shows that the various stakeholders in the process of urban demolition strategic game exist fragility and imbalance,causing the conflict stalemate,realize the benign interaction to be negotiated with ordinary construction of governance model.