不同白色朝天椒品种种子发芽及田间耐热性比较试验

Comparative Test of Heat Tolerance on Seed Germination and Field of Different White Pod Pepper Cultivars

为探讨不同白色朝天椒品种的耐热性,以玉娇子、星秀和云南白色小米椒为试验材料,通过观测30℃、35℃、40℃下种子的胚根生长情况,比较其种子发芽耐热性;在田间夏季高温期间观测第一、二、三级分枝上的坐果率、果长、果肩宽、单果质量、单果种子数和产量等指标,比较其田间耐热性。试验结果表明,3个品种在35℃和40℃下胚根生长影响率分别为:玉娇子12.22%和53.42%,星秀12.68%和60.56%,云南白色小米椒77.45%和94.84%,玉娇子胚根生长受高温影响比星秀小,而云南白色小米椒胚根生长受高温的影响显著高于其他2个品种;3个品种在夏季田间(第三分枝开花结果期)高温下,第三分枝上的坐果率和单果种子数分别为是:玉娇子84.29%和81粒,星秀78.32%和79粒,云南白色小米椒仅62.92%和49粒,而第三分枝上果长、果肩宽、单果质量分别是:玉娇子7.68 cm、1.14 cm和4.56 g,星秀为7.13 cm、1.17 cm和4.52 g,云南白色小米椒3.16 cm、0.71 cm和3.16 g,且玉娇子田间测产结果为1579.4 kg/667 m2,比星秀增产3.18%,比云南白色小米椒增产58.06%,表现出更强的田间耐热性。综合来看,玉娇子在3个白色朝天椒品种中耐热性最强。

In order to evaluate the heat tolerance of different white pod pepper cultivars,taking Yujiaozi,Xingxiu and Yunnan white pod pepper as experimental materials,the seed germination and heat tolerance were compared by observing their germination at 30℃,35℃,40℃.To compare the heat tolerance of different cultivars in the field,the fruit setting rate,fruit length,fruit shoulder width,single fruit weight,single fruit seed number on different(first,second and third)branches of the plants were observed at the high temperature,and the yield was measured in the field.The results showed that the impact rates of radicle growth on the three cultivars at 35℃and 40℃were:Yujiaozi 12.22%and 53.42%,Xingxiu 12.68%and 60.56%,Yunnan white pod pepper 77.45%and 94.84%,and the radicle growth of Yujiaozi was less affected by high temperature than that of Xingxiu,while that of Yunnan white pod pepper was significantly higher than that of the other two cultivars.Under the high temperature(the third branch flowering stage)of the three cultivars in field,the fruit setting rate and seed number of a single fruit on the third branch were:Yujiaozi 84.29%and 81 grains,Xingxiu 78.32%and 79 grains,and Yunnan white pod pepper only 62.92%and 49 grains,and the fruit length,shoulder width and single fruit weight on the third branch were:Yujiaozi 7.68 cm,1.14 cm and 4.56 g,Xingxiu 7.13 cm,1.17 cm and 4.52 g,Yunnan white pod pepper 3.16 cm,0.71 cm and 3.16 g.In addition,Yujiaozi's yield was 1579.4 kg/667 m2,3.18%and 58.06%higher than that of Xingxiu and Yunnan white pod pepper respectively.Generally,Yujiaozi was the most heat-resistant cultivar among the three white pod pepper cultivars.