膳食营养素在2型糖尿病中降血糖作用及其机制的研究进展

Recent advances on the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of dietary nutrients in type 2 diabetes mellitus

2型糖尿病(Type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)是一种由基因、表观遗传、环境和生活方式等多种因素相互作用而引起的慢性代谢性疾病,其全球发病率和死亡率逐年增高。越来越多的研究显示,T2DM与遗传易感性、膳食模式和营养素-基因相互作用等因素均有关。然而,人们对膳食因素与基因的相互作用及其机制知之甚少。营养基因组学研究不仅能够更好地理解膳食营养物质在T2DM中降血糖的功能和分子机制,而且有助于建立基于个体基因组结构特征上的营养保健方法和膳食干预手段,使得营养学研究的成果能够更有效地应用于T2DM的预防,从而达到促进人类健康的目的。着重从常见的膳食营养物质(多酚类化合物、膳食脂肪、维生素和氨基酸)在T2DM中降血糖作用及其机制的研究进展做概述。

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2 DM) is a complex disease resulting from the interaction of genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The morbidity and mortality rates of T2 DM are increasing year by year. The pathogenesis of DM is not completely understood, but more and more studies show that T2 DM is related to genetic susceptibility, dietary pattern and nutrient-gene interactions. However, people have known little about the interaction and its mechanism between dietary factors and genes. Nutrigenomics research can not only help us better understand the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of dietary nutrients in T2 DM, but also help to establish personalized diet intervention methods and nutritional health care methods, so that the results of nutritional research can be more effectively applied to the prevention of chronic diseases to achieve the goal of promoting human health. In this paper, the research progress of the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of dietary nutrients(polyphenols, dietary fat, vitamins and amino acids) in T2 DM was reviewed.