论民法典合同编中“合同”的功能定位

On the Functional Positioning of"Contract"in the Ccontract Part of the Civil Code

在我国民法典中,合同被单独成编并且与法律行为分别规定。这样一来,在物权编、婚姻家庭编、继承编等分别独立成编后,民法典中的意思自治原则如何才能够有机地在各编中体现出来,就成为一个很大的问题。因此,必须阐明法律行为规则与合同规则的解释和适用问题、合同编中的"合同"仅仅被定义为"产生债的效果"的危害性问题、"物权合同"能否适用合同编的规则问题、合同无效或者被撤销后的后果之请求权基础如何能够有机地与物权编、侵权责任编契合的问题。这将有利于对民法典体系化的理解和适用。

In our Civil Code,contracts are codified separately and regulated separately from other legal acts.In this way,it is a big question how the principle of autonomy of will in the Civil Code can be organically reflected in each of the separate parts of the Civil Code,while property rights,marriage and family,inheritance,etc.are codified as independent parts.It is therefore important to clarify the interpretation and application of the rules of legal conduct and the rules of contract,the question of the harm of"contract"in the contract part being defined only as"the effect of creating a debt",the question of whether the rules of the contract part can be applied to"contract in rem",and how the basis for a claim as the consequences of invalidity or avoidance of the contract can fit organically into the property rights part and tort part.This will facilitate the systematic understanding and application of the Civil Code.