东营市水生态系统演变与驱动力研究

Research on the Evolution and Driving Force of Water Ecosystems in Dongying

东营市是黄河三角洲城市,是我国最重要的湿地之一;水生态系统是湿地生态环境的重要构成因素,是人类和自然界生存与发展的基本条件。水生态系统复杂多样,涉及的内容较广;普通的理论方法难以定量地描述影响水生态系统变迁的影响因素,以及具体的影响程度。根据科学性、全面性和可操作性原则,构建以时间序列的人口密度、人均用水量、废水排放量等8个指标的水生态系统体系,基于主成分分析法,提取指标数据的主成分,定量描述水生态系统受影响因素的实际程度,并评价各年水生态系统的优劣。将指标体系和主成分分析法应用于东营市鉴定水生态系统影响因素和水生态优劣的评价中。研究结果表明:东营市的水生态系统呈现逐年恶化趋势,对水生态系统的主要影响指标有5个,次要影响指标有2个;为黄河三角洲地区相关部门制定水生态系统保护措施提供了决策依据。

Dongying is one of the most important cities in the Yellow River Delta. Water ecosystem, an important component of wetland eco-environment, is the basic condition for the survival and development of human beings and nature. Water ecosystems are complex and diverse, involving a wide range of content. It is difficult to describe quantitatively the influence factors of water ecosystem change and the level of influence by the common theoretical methods. According to the principles of scientific, comprehensive and operational, the water ecosystem evaluation system of 8 indexes based on time series, such as population, per capita water resources, and the amount of agricultural chemical fertilizer, is constructed. The system based on principal component analysis, extracting principal component of index data, quantitatively descripting the actual degree of ecological water environmental affected by each index, and to evaluate the water ecosystem quality of each year. The index system and principal component analysis are applied to the evaluation and influencing factors of water ecosystem in the Yellow River Delta, Dongying. The results show that the water ecosystem of Dongying City is deteriorating year after year. There are 5 main influencing factors of water ecosystem, and the secondary influence indexes have 2. This paper provides a basis for making water ecosystem protection measures for the relevant departments of the Yellow River Delta.