华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米作物亏缺水量空间分布研究

Research on the Inter-annual Variation of Water Requirements and Water Deficits in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize in North China Plains

以华北平原区20个代表性观测区域为基础,选取1996-2015年的20年完整观测序列的气象资料作为分析对象,对华北平原区传统种植作物冬小麦-夏玉米设计典型年下生长期的作物亏缺水量进行计算,通过经验频率法确定了降水频率分别为75%、50%、25%的设计典型年及相应的降水量,计算确定参考作物腾发量,结合冬小麦、夏玉米的作物系数得出作物需水量,进而计算出设计典型年下作物亏缺水量,基于ArcGIS对华北平原整个地区的水分亏缺量进行了插值,绘制亏缺水量等值线图。为合理制定灌溉制度、调整农业作物种植结构以及优化农业水资源配置提供参考依据。

Based on the 20 representative urban areas, the meteorological data of 20 years’ complete observation series from 1996 to 2015 are selected as analysis objects. This paper calculates the crop deficit water consumption in the typical winter wheat-summer maize growing season in North China Plains, and the frequency of precipitation are 75%, 50% and 25% of the design typical year and the corresponding precipitation. The Penman-Monteith formula is used to determine the reference crop evapotranspiration. Combining the crop coefficients of winter wheat and summer maize, the crop water demand is determined. And then the ArcGIS is used to interpolate the water deficit in North China Plains. The irrigation system is formulated reasonably for the North China Plains, the agricultural crop planting structure is adjusted and the reference for optimizing the allocation of agricultural water resources is provided.