不同速度正向单摇跳绳地面反作用力与下肢关节角度的变化特征关系

Relationship between Ground Reaction Force and Lower Limb Joint Angle of Forward Single-swing Rope Skipping at Different Speed

目的测试不同速正向单摇跳绳支撑期动力学及运动学参数,分析地面反作用力特征与下肢关节角度变化特征的关系。方法选取10名专业跳绳运动员进行慢速、中速、快速的连续跳绳测试。采集动作过程中支撑期垂直地面反作用力(VGRF)值,计算运动中下肢动力学参数,同步采集动作中的运动学参数。结果中速跳绳支撑期VGRF值、爆发力、落地阶段膝关节角度均显著大于慢速跳绳和快速跳绳(p<0.05);快速跳绳下肢关节活动范围均小于慢速跳绳和中速跳绳(p<0.05);慢、中、快速跳绳运动腿刚度由小到大为中速跳绳<慢速跳绳<快速跳绳。结论快速跳绳可以作为专项练习的辅助手段发展踝关节力量;快速跳绳可以锻炼膝关节和髋关节稳定性。中速跳绳可以练习踝关节、膝关节周围肌肉力量和爆发力且出现损伤的风险小。

Objective To test the dynamic and kinematic parameters of different speed forward single swing rope skipping during the supporting period,and to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of ground reaction force and the changes of joint angle of lower limbs.Methods 10 professional rope skippers were selected for the continuous rope skipping test of slow,medium and fast speed.The vertical ground reaction force(VGRF)value during the supporting period was collected,the dynamic parameters of the lower limbs were calculated,and the kinematic parameters were collected simultaneously.Results The VGRF value,explosive force and knee joint angle were significantly higher than those of slow rope skipping and fast rope skipping(p<0.05).The range of motion of lower limb joint of fast rope skipping was less than that of slow rope skipping and medium rope skipping(p<0.05).The stiffness of legs of slow,medium and fast rope skipping was from small to large.Conclusion Fast rope skipping can be used as an auxiliary means to develop ankle strength in special exercises,and fast rope skipping can exercise the stability of knee and hip joints.Medium speed rope skipping can exercise the muscle strength and explosive force around ankle joint and knee joint,and the risk of injury is small.