先秦诸子百家争鸣综说

Comprehensive Comments on Contentions among Scholars in Pre-Qin Times

先秦诸子百家争鸣,是中国古代思想史、哲学史上黄金时期的特点。然而,如今有关资料比较稀少,当时百家的学派、所争的论题虽已经有一些讨论,但是百家诸子所需要学习的通行知识,其互相评议、攻击与暗地里的吸收融合,以及诸子讲明道理、争鸣的方法,却仍然欠缺研究。近年来的出土简帛文献,为我们探讨有关问题,提供了契机和材料。经过探索可以发现,数术和经典是诸子多学的通行知识;诸子之间的评议起源很早,折中作品出现也比通常的看法要早,作品流传速度较快;诸子的说理多通过圣人之言、以史为鉴、譬喻之方,而少用形式逻辑推理。

Contentions among Pre-Qin philosophers and all schools of thought,is a character of "golden age"in ancient Chinese intellectual and philosophical history. However,nowadays,that relevant literature is very scarce,and there have been some discussions about philosophers’ schools and about what they argued about at that time,but there are still many problems that are not researched,such as the common knowledge that philosophers and all schools of thought need to know,their mutual evaluation and criticism,invisible assimilation and integration of thought and their methods of discussion and contention. Unearthed bamboo slips and silk manuscripts in recent years provide an opportunity and material for us to explore these problems. According to the unearthed material,numerology and classics are Pre-Qin philosophers’ common knowledge. The philosophers’ argument mostly used the words of the sage,historical events and analogies,but rarely logical inference.