地方文献所见乡村地名之历史书写与流变——以“苗馁”“苗光”为中心的探讨

Historical Writings and Transformation of Rural Place Names Seen in Local Literature:An Investigation Centered on“Miao Nei”and“Miao Guang”

受史料限制,很多情况下我们对区域小地名的历史演变缺乏深入探讨,甚至大多停留在口头传说之中。而近年来清水江流域契约文书、碑刻等民间文献的发掘与利用为这种精细化研究提供了诸多可能,研究结论亦能与地方志互证,补已有记载之不足,有一定的价值和意义。通过对“苗馁”“苗光”两个典型的乡村地名之流变情况的梳理与考证,可以清晰地看到两者在民间文献与地方志中的记载有很大不同,甚至大相径庭,孰是孰非,值得探究。其背后则隐藏着民族地区乡村地名变迁的复杂缘由,“音转字变”与民族融合都可能是原因之一。

Restricted by historical materials,we often lack detailed discussions on the historical evolution of the names of small places.Our discussions mostly touched upon oral traditions.In recent years,the excavation and utilization of private documents such as the written contracts and tablet inscriptions found in Qingshui River valley facilitate more possible detailed studies.Findings from such research can testify local records,filling the gaps in existing records.Therefore,private documents are of value and significance.The investigation of the change of two typical rural place names“Miao Nei”and“Miao Guang”explicitly showcase the major difference or entire contradiction between private documents and local records.It is meaningful to tell the right from the wrong.Complex causes are hidden behind the transformation of rural place names in ethnic minority regions,with“shift of sound and change of letter”and national fusion probably among them.