非缴费型养老金的历史、现状及启示

Non-contributory Pension:History, Current Situation and Enlightenment

非缴费型养老金几乎与缴费型养老金同时出现,但直到20世纪90年代才开始迅速崛起并成为全球性现象。带有自由主义理念的非缴费型养老金在正规化就业比例不高的发展中国家,却逐渐显示其广泛的适应性,迅速填补缴费型养老金留下的覆盖空白。长远来看,非缴费养老金可能并非是一个过渡性安排。对于中国城乡居民基本养老保险(以下简称"城乡居保")而言,需要在如下三方面进行完善,一是放弃个人缴费选项,二是调升待遇水平,三是提高资格年龄。

Although non-contributory pension started almost at the same time as contributory pension, it had not risen rapidly until the 1990 s and became a global phenomenon since then. In developing countries with low proportion of formal employment, non-contributory pension with liberalism gradually shows wide adaptability and quickly fills the coverage gap left by contributory pension. non-contributory pension may not be a transitional arrangement in the long run. China’s Urban and rural residence insurance needs to be improved as follows: firstly, the option of individual payment should be cancelled;secondly, the level of welfare should be greatly improved;thirdly, the age of qualification should be significantly increased.