非缴费型养老金制度选择:起源、发展与展望

Non-Contributory Pension System:Origin,Evolution and Analyses

现代非缴费型养老金制度诞生百余年来,其界定至今仍未达成共识。文章从养老金制度本源的视角出发,分析了当前世界各国的非缴费型养老金制度,并认为该制度在不同国家存在三种情况,一是以非缴费型养老金制度为主体,二是非缴费型养老金制度与缴费型养老金制度共生发展,三是形式上表现为非缴费型养老金制度缺失,实际上却由制度萌芽与制度消亡两种情况组成。文章通过分析发现,是从零开始构建非缴费型养老金制度,还是在缴费型养老金制度基础上构建非缴费型养老金制度,两者的发展路径存在明显差异。最后,文章总结了非缴费型养老金制度发展演化的动因,认为经济、人口与产业规模等外在约束条件导致了制度的初始选择差异,并持续影响非缴费型养老金制度的发展与模式选择。

Since the birth of the modern non-contributory pension system,there are still many disputes over its definition in these one hundred years.The article analyzes and summarizes the situation of non-contributory pension systems around the world from the perspective of the pension system.The non-contributory pension system can be divided into three types:first,the non-contributory pension system is the main body;second,the non-contributory pension system and the contribution system co-exist;and third,the non-contributory pension system is lacking.Furthermore,the article summarizes the motivations and restraints for the evolution of the non-contributory pension system,then draw such conclusions:the external constraints such as the economy,population,and industrial scale have profoundly affected the choice of the model of a country’s non-contributory pension system.Finally,the article reflects on the current definition of the multi-pillar theory.