技术赋能与空气重污染应急管理智慧化演进路径

Starting Characteristics of Air Pollution Emergency Management and Intelligent Evolution by Technology Empowerment

信息和智能技术的发展为解决政府管理中的责任分配、效率悖论与技能恐慌等问题提供了新工具,也为推动环境应急管理体制变革带来了新机遇。通过对京津冀地区空气重污染的应急管理过程进行内容分析,发现环境应急管理在决策和响应层面存在三个特征与问题:第一,空气重污染应急管理的触发条件经历了不统一到统一的过程,决策规范性不断增强,但仍存在着一定的主观性和时滞性问题;第二,预警启动具有明显的季节性、区域同步性特征,却依然面临着决策程序较为分散和复杂的问题,中央政府需要逐渐收拢决策权;第三,应急响应的协同性不断增强,但响应过程涉及数十个政府管理部门,产生了部门职能交叉、政策工具单一、政策评估不足和责任归属模糊等问题。为推动环境应急管理体系和能力的全面提升,应避免环境应急管理过度"运动化",建立一种信息和智能技术支撑的解决方案,借助技术赋能、技术赋权、技术赋慧和技术赋威实现环境应急管理的智慧化演进。

The development of new technology has provided new solutions to the problems such as responsibility distribution,efficiency paradox and skill panic in government management,and also brought new opportunities to promote the environmental emergency management system.Through the content analysis of air pollution emergency management in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area,it is found that there are three main problems in environmental emergency decision-making and response.Firstly,the triggering conditions of air pollution emergency management have gone through a process from disunity to unification,and the decision-making is becoming more and more standardized,but there are still some subjective and time-delay problems.Secondly,the early warning has obvious seasonal and regional synchronization characteristics,but it still faces the problem of more complex and decentralized decision-making procedures,and the central government needs to gradually gather the decision-making power.Thirdly,the coordination of emergency response is increasing,but the response process involves dozens of government management departments,which brings problems such as cross functional departments,single policy tools,insufficient policy evaluation and unclear responsibility attribution.In order to promote the environmental emergency management system and capacity,we should avoid excessive"movement"of environmental emergency management,establish a solution path supported by information and intelligent technology,and realize the intelligent evolution of environmental emergency management with the help of technology empowerment.