薄壳山核桃‘波尼’在山东威海地区的引种表现

Introduction Performance of Pecan Pawnee in Weihai Area of Shandong Province

以不同树龄砧木嫁接的薄壳山核桃良种‘波尼’为试验材料,研究其在山东威海地区的引种表现。结果表明:‘波尼’在威海地区3月底芽萌动,4月初展叶,开花期在4月中旬至5月中旬,10月初成熟,11月底落叶进入休眠期。结果枝长度21.37~22.93 cm,结果枝平均结果数3.79~4.34个,单株产量2.05~6.48 kg。坚果单果重8.91~9.76 g,仁重5.05~5.62 g,出仁率56.64%~58.13%,种仁蛋白质含量68.42~84.55 g/kg,脂肪含量为489.76~630.12 g/kg,氨基酸含量83.82~99.60 g/kg。高接砧木树龄对坚果纵径、壳厚、出仁率均无显著影响,而对结果枝平均结果数、单株坚果产量、坚果横径、果形指数、单果重、仁重及种仁蛋白质、粗脂肪含量均有显著影响,除脯氨酸外,其余氨基酸含量均为5年生砧木嫁接的高。5年生砧木嫁接‘波尼’的结果枝平均结果数、坚果单果重和仁重均显著小于3年生砧木,但其单株坚果产量及种仁蛋白质、脂肪和氨基酸含量均显著高于3年生砧木。‘波尼’在山东威海地区的引种表现出较强的生长适应性和较高的坚果经济性状,适宜在威海地区大面积推广栽植,为山东省引种薄壳山核桃提供了理论依据。

Carya illinoensis K.Koch cv.Pawnee grafted on rootstocks with different ages were used as experimental materials to study its introduction performance in Weihai area of Shandong Province.The results showed that Pawnee in Weihai area germinated at the end of March,exhibited leaves at the beginning of April,flowered from mid-April to mid-May,riped at the beginning of October,and entered the period of dormancy at the end of November.The length of fruiting branches,the fruit number of each fruiting branches,the yield per plant were 21.37~22.93 cm,3.79~4.34 and 2.05~6.48 kg,respectively.Average single fruit weight,kernel weight and kernel rate of nut were 8.91~9.76 g,5.05~5.62 g and 56.64%~58.13%,respectively.The content of protein,crude fat and amino acid in kernel were 68.42~84.55,489.76~630.12 and 83.82~99.60 g/kg,respectively.One-way ANOVA showed that the age of rootstock had no significant effects on the vertical diameter,shell thickness and kernel rate,while had significant effects on the average fruit number of each fruiting branches,yield per plant,transverse diameter of fruit,single fruit weight,kernel weight,fruit shape index and the contents of protein and crude fat.Except proline,the contents of the other amino acids were higher when the rootstock was five years old compared with those when the rootstock was 3 years old.The average number of each fruiting branches,average single fruit weight and kernel weight of Pawnee grafted on 5-year-old rootstocks were significantly lower than those grafted on 3-year-old rootstocks,while the former showed higher value in yield per tree and the content of protein,crude fat and amino acid in kernel compared with the latter.In conclusion,Pawnee had better introduction performance in Weihai area of Shandong Province as manifested by their strong growth adaptability and high nut economic characters,suggesting that Pawnee was suitable for large-scale planting in Weihai area.The results could provide theoretical basis for introduction and planting of Carya illinoensis K.Koch in Shandong Province.