医学生新型冠状病毒暴露与抑郁焦虑及社会支持的关系

Relationship between the COVID-19 exposure and depression and anxiety:mediating role of social support

目的了解新型冠状病毒(简称"新冠病毒")疫情期间中国医学生社会支持状况以及新冠病毒暴露与抑郁、焦虑之间的关系,为医学生心理健康干预工作提供参考。方法采取方便取样方法,选取我国32个省、自治区、直辖市(缺香港、澳门)的本科医学生为研究对象5 593名在校医学生为研究对象,采用社会支持评定量表、病人健康问卷抑郁量表、广泛性焦虑量表进行调查。结果社会支持得分男生低于女生(t=-4.36,P<0.05),大三大四年级学生低于其他年级学生(F=4.84,P<0.05)。新冠病毒暴露与抑郁、焦虑均呈正相关(r值分别为0.05,0.06,P值均<0.01),新冠病毒暴露、抑郁、焦虑与社会支持均呈负相关(r值分别为-0.05,-0.25,-0.19,P值均<0.01)。控制性别、年级的影响后,社会支持在新冠病毒暴露与抑郁关联中的中介效应占总效应的26.6%,主观支持、支持利用度中介效应占比分别为32.3%,25.7%;社会支持在新冠病毒暴露与焦虑关联中的中介效应占总效应的20.0%,主观支持、支持利用度中介效应占比分别为15.9%,12.2%。结论社会支持在新冠病毒暴露与抑郁、焦虑的关联中均存在部分中介效应,良好的社会支持有助于医学生在疫情期间保持较低抑郁、焦虑水平。

Objective To investigate the social support of medical students during the outbreak of COVID-19 and its mediating effect on the correlation between epidemic exposure and depression with anxiety. Methods A total of 5 593 medical students were enrolled, and Social Support Rating Scale( SSRS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and 7-tiem Generalize Anxiety Disorder Scale were used to measure. Results The social support score of SSRS of male students was lower than that of female students( t =-4.36, P<0.05) and juniors and seniors scored lower than other grades( F = 4.84, P<0.05). Epidemic exposure proportion was positively correlated with both depressive proportionand anxiety proportion( r = 0.05, 0.06, P<0.01), while epidemic exposure and depressive proportion and anxiety proportion were negatively correlated with social support score( r =-0. 05,-0. 25,-0.19, P<0.01). After controlling for gender and grade, the mediating effect of social support in the correlation between epidemic exposure and depression accounted for 26.6% of the total effect, and the mediating effect of subjective support and supportive utilization was 32.3% and 25.7% respectively. After controlling for gender and grade, the mediating effect of social support in the correlation between epidemic exposure and depression accounted for 20.0% of the total effect, and the mediating effect of subjective support and supportive utilization was 15.9% and 12.2% respectively. Conclusion Social support has partially mediating effect in the correlation between epidemic exposure with depression and anxiety.