浦东新区东明社区幼托儿童家长手足口病疫苗认知及接种影响因素

Cognitive and willngness to EV71 vacci natior among parents for children in Dongming District of Pudong

目的了解幼托儿童家长对手足口病(EV71)疫苗相关认知、子女接种情况及影响因素,为做好疫苗的接种工作提供科学依据。方法采用现况调查(普查)的方法对上海市浦东新区东明社区辖区内全部12所幼儿园的2 783名幼儿家长进行问卷调查,分析幼儿家长对EV71疫苗的相关认知及疫苗接种的影响因素。结果有1 843名儿童家长调查前听说过EV71疫苗,家长对EV71疫苗的总体知晓率为51.9%,EV71疫苗相关信息的主要获取途径有887名为医院,其次有752名通过学校获得。接种了EV71疫苗的儿童有1 014名,选择接种EV71疫苗的主要原因是认为疫苗可以有效预防手足口病(76.1%),未接种EV71疫苗的主要原因是不知道有预防手足口病的疫苗(31.7%)。有2 478名儿童家长认为应该将EV71疫苗纳入计划免疫范畴里。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,学校为公办(OR=0.72,95%CI=0.59~0.89)、母亲户籍为本市(OR=0.76,95%CI=0.64~0.90)、对EV71疫苗不知晓(OR=0.42,95%CI=0.35~0.49)及家长认为EV71疫苗价格高(OR=0.66,95%CI=0.47~0.92)的儿童EV71疫苗接种率低,班级为托班(OR=2.55,95%CI=1.18~5.52)、小班(OR=2.24,95%CI=1.54~3.24)、中班(OR=1.51,95%CI=1.05~2.15)的儿童EV71疫苗接种率高(P值均<0.05)。结论辖区幼托儿童EV71疫苗接种率较高,学校性质、母亲户籍、年级及家长对疫苗价格评价是影响幼托儿童EV71疫苗接种的主要因素。

Objective To understand cognition and willingness of EV71 vaccination among parents of children, so as to provide scientific basis for vaccination. Methods A cross-sectional survey( census) was adopted. A questionnaire survey was conducted among parents of 2 783 preschool children from 12 kindergartens to analyze the parents’ cognition towards EV71 vaccine and willingness of vaccination of EV71 vaccine. Results Among the 2 783 parents surveyed, 1 843 heard of EV71 vaccine. The parents’ awareness rate of EV71 vaccine was 51.9%. The main source of EV71 vaccine-related information was obtained through hospitals( n = 887), followed by schools( n = 752). 1 014 received EV71 vaccine. The main reason of EV71 vaccination was that vaccine was believed to be effective in preventing hand,foot and mouth disease( HFMD)( 76.1%), while the main reason for unwillingness for vaccination was lack of knowledge( 31.7%). And 2 478 considered that EV71 vaccine should be included in planned immunization. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that children in public schools( OR = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.59-0.89), mothers from urban residents( OR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.64-0.90), parents lack of EV71 vaccine awareness( OR = 0.42,95% CI = 0.35-0.49), and perceived high price of EV71 vaccine( OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.47-0.92) had a low vaccination rate. Higher EV71 vaccination rate was related to children’ status as baby class( OR = 2.55,95%CI = 1.18-5.52),bottom class( OR = 2.24,95% CI = 1.54-3.24) and middle class( OR = 1.51, 95%CI = 1.05-2.15)( P<0.05). Conclusion EV71 vaccination in preschool children in our jurisdiction was relatively high. School type, mother’ s household registration, children’ s grade and the parental percption of EV71 vaccine price are the main factors influencing EV71 vaccine vaccination in preschool children.