新乡中学生日常暴力暴露现状及对校园欺凌的影响

Daily violence exposure and its impact on campus bullying among middle school students in Xinxiang

目的探讨中学生日常暴力暴露现状及其与校园欺凌的关系,为促进中学生的身心积极发展提供理论依据。方法采用日常暴力暴露问卷(Violence Exposure Scale,VES)、攻击规范信念量表(Normative Beliefs about Agression Scale,NOBAS)、青少年自我控制能力问卷(Middle School Students’s Self-control Scale,MSSSCS)和中学生校园欺凌问卷,于2019年8-10月对方便抽取的新乡市2所初中和3所高中的1 372名中学生进行问卷调查。结果中学生日常暴力暴露总分为(34.22±12.09)分,女生日常暴力暴露、传统欺凌和网络欺凌得分均低于男生(t=-2.60^-6.32,P值均<0.05),初中生日常暴力暴露、传统欺凌和网络欺凌得分均高于高中生(t=4.59~7.50,P值均<0.05)。暴力暴露与攻击信念、传统欺凌和网络欺凌呈正相关(r值分别为0.20,0.44,0.51,P值均<0.01),与自我控制呈负相关(r=-0.29,P<0.01);攻击信念与传统欺凌、网络欺凌呈正相关(r值分别为0.28,0.22,P值均<0.01),与自我控制呈负相关(r=-0.38,P<0.01)。暴力暴露通过攻击性信念间接影响传统欺凌/网络欺凌;攻击性信念对中学生传统欺凌/网络欺凌的影响,随自我控制的增加而减小。结论攻击性信念在暴力暴露与传统欺凌/网络欺凌中起中介作用,自我控制调节着两者间的关系。

Objective The study is to explore daily violence exposure and its association with campus bullying, to provide theoretical basis for positive development of middle school students. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted by using Violence Exposure Scale, Normative Beliefs about Aggression Scale, Middle School Students’Self-control Scale, and Middle School Students’Campus Bullying Scale. During Aug. to Oct. 2019, 1 372 middle school students were selected by the convenient sampling method as subjects of study from 2 junior high schools and 3 senior high schools in Xinxiang. Results The total score in daily violence exposure was( 34.22±12.09). The scores of violence exposure, traditional bullying and cyberbullying in female were lower than in male( t =-2.60--6.32, P < 0.05). The scores of violence exposure, traditional bullying and cyberbullying in junior high school students were higher than senior high school students( t = 4.59-7.50, P<0.05). The relationship between violence exposure and normative beliefs about aggression, traditional bullying, cyberbullying were positive( r = 0.20, 0.44, 0.51, P<0.01). The relationship between violence exposure and self-control was negative( r =-0.29, P<0.01). The relationship between normative beliefs about aggression and traditional bullying, cyberbullying were positive( r = 0.28, 0.22, P<0.01). The relationship between normative beliefs about aggression and self-control was negative( r =-0.38, P<0.01). Violence exposure indirectly affects traditional bullying/cyberbullying through normative beliefs about aggression. The effect of normative beliefs about aggression on the traditional bullying/cyberbullying of middle school students is reduced with the increase of self-control. Conclusion Normative beliefs about aggression plays an intermediary role in violence exposure and traditional bully/cyberbullying, and self-control regulates the relationship between them.