拉祜族中学生2014与2019年体质状况比较

Comparison of physical condition of middle school students of Lahu nationality in 2014 and 2019

目的了解拉祜族中学生体质发展现状,为制定拉祜族中学生体质健康干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法,于2019年9月对云南省普洱市澜沧拉祜族自治县3所中学的拉祜族学生进行体质测试,比较分析2019年与2014年拉祜族中学生体质调研的数据。结果与2014年相比,2019年拉祜族男生BMI除13岁外,其余年龄段差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。拉祜族女生BMI与2014年相比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05)。与2014年相比,拉祜族男生肺活量/体重指数13,15岁分别增长3.74及3.99 m L/kg,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为2.36,2.05,P值均<0.05)。拉祜族女生肺活量/体重指数14~15岁分别增长3.18,3.64 m L/kg,16岁下降2.50 m L/kg,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。拉祜族男生50 m跑(除15岁外),坐位体前屈13~18岁与2014年相比,差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);1 000 m跑14岁快了20.52 s,17~18岁慢了21.04,19.10 s,引体向上13岁增长1.32个,17~18岁下降0.96,1.32个,立定跳远13~16,18岁分别增长18.90,16.36,36.27,13.32,8.55 cm,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。与2014年相比,2019年拉祜族女生50 m跑13~18岁差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05);坐位体前屈14~15岁分别增长2.38,2.96cm,800 m跑13~15岁分别快了15.15,14.48,15.65 s,16~17岁分别慢了18.16,10.74 s,仰卧起坐13~15,17~18岁分别增长5.58,6.97,5.34,2.04,2.64个,立定跳远13~18岁分别增长14.75,17.10,14.76,8.22,10.47,8.36 cm,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01)。结论拉祜族中学生身体形态发育水平总体呈缓慢增长趋势,身体功能发育水平呈稳中向好趋势,身体素质水平总体呈良好发展态势,但表现出发展不平衡的特征。应针对拉祜族中学生体质发展中存在的问题,采取有效干预措施,提升拉祜族中学生的体质健康水平。

Objective To gain a better understanding of the status quo of the physical condition of students in Lahu Nationality Middle School, so as to provide a basis for intervention measures to improve students’ physical health. Methods A comparative analysis on the data of the physique investigation of the students in Lahu nationality middle school in 2019 and 2014 was carried out. Results Compared with 2014, in 2019, the BMI of the males except aged 13 increased by 0.45 kg/m2, there was no statistically significant difference in the BMI of other age groups aged( P>0.05). In 2019, there was no statistically significant difference in the BMI of females aged 13 to 18 compared with 2014( P>0.05). The vital capacity/BMI respectively increased by 3.74 and 3.99 m L/kg in males aged 13 and 15, and the differences were statistically significant( t = 2.36, 2.05, P<0.05). In 2019, the vital capacity/BMI of females aged 14-15 increased by 3.18, 3.64 m L/kg, respectively;the vital capacity/BMI of females aged 16 decreased by 2.50 m L/kg, the difference was statistically significant( P < 0.05). For males aged 13-18 of the Lahu nationality and compared with 2014, in the 50 m race, except that those aged 15, there was no statistically significant difference in the race time in other age groups( P>0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the sit and reach of males aged 13 to 18( P>0.05);the males aged 14 was 20.52 s faster in the 1 000 m race, while those aged 17-18 were respectively 21.04 and 19.10 s slower in the1 000 m race, pull-ups in those aged 13 increased by 1.32, and decreased by 0.96 and 1.32 in those aged 17-18, the standing long jump of those aged 13 to 16 and 18 increased by 18.90, 16.36, 36.27, 13.32, 8.55 cm, respectively;and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.01). For females aged 13-18 of the Lahu nationality and compared with 2014, in the 50 m race, there was no statistically significant difference in the race time in those aged 13-18( P>0.05);the sit and reach of those aged 14-15 increased by 2.38 and 2.96 cm, respectively;the females aged 13-15 was 15.15, 14.48, 15.65 s faster in the 800 m race, respectively;while those aged 16-17 were respectively 18.16 and 10.74 s slower in the 800 m race;pull-ups in those aged 13-15 and 17-18 increased by 5.58, 6.97, 5.34, 2.04, 2.64, respectively;the standing long jump of those aged 13-18 increased by 14.75,17.10, 14.76, 8.22, 10.47, 8.36 cm, respectively;and the differences were statistically significant( P<0.01). Conclusion The physical condition of middle school students in Lahu Nationality generally shows a slow-increasing trend, the physical shape of the male students presents an upward trend, and the physical fitness students shows a positive trend, albeit featured in imbalanced development. According to the problems existing in the physical development of the students in Lahu nationality, effective intervention measures should be taken to elevate the physical health condition of middle school students in Lahu nationality.