抗战前我国的化学肥料问题与地方应对--以浙江省为中心的考察

China’s Chemical Fertilizer Problem and Local Response before the Anti-Japanese War——A Study Centered on Zhejiang Province

20世纪前期化学肥料传入中国,浙江省是化学肥料使用最早、最多、最为普遍的省份之一,也是化学肥料问题极为突出的省份,虚假的广告、夸大的宣传、品质难辨的产品使市场极其混乱,缺乏科学知识的农民盲目滥用使土质恶化、农产品产量下降且品质不良。在此情况之下,浙省开始积极应对,成立专门机构管理化学肥料的检验、运销、调查研究、指导农民科学施肥,同时通过税收金融等手段大力提倡有机肥来缓解化学肥料问题。浙省的这些应对措施不仅惠及本省,而且对全国其他地区解决化学肥料问题起到了良好的示范与带动作用。

In the early 20 th century,chemical fertilizer was introduced into China.Zhejiang Province is one of the earliest provinces,where chemical fertilizers prevailed.It is also a province,where chemical fertilizer problems were extremely prominent.False and exaggerated advertising along with the indistinguishable quality of the products makes the market extremely chaotic.Farmers lack of scientific knowledge resulted in heavy chemical fertilizers abuse;thus,the soil quality has been worsened and the quality of the agricultural products has declined.Under this circumstance,Zhejiang Province began to respond actively by setting up a special agency to manage the chemical fertilizers’inspection,transportation,research and to guide farmers on scientific fertilization.Meanwhile they vigorously promoted organic fertilizers through taxation and other means to alleviate the problem of chemical fertilizers.These reactions of Zhejiang Province not only benefited Zhejinag itself,but also had influenced and set a good example to other areas of China on solving the problems of chemical fertilizers.