核酸适配体药物应用于肿瘤治疗的现状

Advances in aptamer drugs and delivery systems for tumor therapy

核酸适配体是单链寡核苷酸其中的一种,可以高亲和力和高特异性与和多种靶标进行结合,其中包括DNA、RNA、蛋白质或有机小分子等。随着科学技术水平的提高发现对核酸适配体的结构进行修饰可以开发出更有效的抗肿瘤药物,在肿瘤的治疗中发挥了独特的作用。相对于保守的肿瘤治疗手段,核酸适配体药物具有应用范围广泛、靶向性强、疗效佳等优势。本文将对核酸适配体的独特性质和核酸适配体药物在肿瘤治疗方面的研究进展予以综述,为核酸适配体药物在抗肿瘤治疗中的应用中提供新的科学依据和方向。

Aptamers are single-stranded DNAs or RNAs,which are bind to different targets,including DNAs,RNAs,proteins and small organic molecules,with high affinity and specificity.Researchers found that application of nucleic acid adaptation drugs have played a unique role for the treatment of tumor at genetic level.Compared with traditional antitumor therapies,such as surgery,chemotherapy and radiotherapy,aptamer drugs have advantages of wide application,high specificity and great therapeutic effect.This review summarizes the characteristics of aptamer drugs and the advances in tumor therapy of aptamers.And we expect to provide a new research direction for aptamer drugs in the treatment of antitumor.