2014-2018年北京市房山区狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Population Exposed to Rabies in Fangshan District of Beijing From 2014 to 2018

目的分析2014-2018年北京市房山区狂犬病暴露人群流行病学特征,为狂犬病暴露后处置及预防提供参考依据。方法收集北京市房山区狂犬病暴露者个案登记表中就诊人群的致伤情况和处置信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2014-2018年北京市房山区共收集狂犬病暴露患者58 098例,呈逐年上升的趋势,5-8月为高峰,本区致伤患者占96.48%。0~10岁组的儿童暴露率最高,达到了1 726.68/10万;其次是11~20岁组青少年人群。职业主要是在职人员(34.14%)。致伤部位以手部致伤最多,但是学龄前儿童和学生,头面颈部致伤的比例较大,占到全部头面颈部受伤人群的32.42%和24.42%。Ⅲ级暴露后被动免疫制剂的使用率逐年递增,但是使用率仍较低。伤人动物以犬为主,占致伤总数的77.77%。结论房山区狂犬病防治形式严峻,狂犬病防控工作仍需要加强。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of population exposed to rabies in Fangshan District from 2014 to 2018 in order to provide a reference for proper disposal and prevention after exposure. Methods The data about population exposed to rabies in Fangshan District were collected, and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 58 098 patients was registered in the vaccination clinic for rabies from 2014 to 2018, which showed an increasing tendency yearly. There were obvious seasonal characteristics, and the incidence rate was the highest in May to August. 96.48% of cases occurred in Fangshan District.The exposure rate of children aged 0-10 years old reached the peak(1 726.68/105),followed by teenagers aged 11-20 years old. Most of cases were in-service people, accounting for 34.14% of total cases. Most of patients were injured on hands. However, preschool children and students had a large proportion of head and neck injuries,accounting for 32.42 % and 24.42% of all head and neck injuries. Although the utilization rate of rabies immunoglobulin after grade Ⅲ wound exposure was increasing year by year, the utilization rate was still low. Most of cases were hurt by dogs, accounting for 77.77% of total cases.Conclusion The prevention and control situation of rabies is grim in Fangshan District of Beijing,and the prevention and control of rabies should be strengthened.