2004-2018年绵阳市甲型病毒性肝炎流行特征分析

Epidemic Characteristics of Hepatitis A in Mianyang From 2004 to 2018

目的分析2004-2018年绵阳市甲型病毒性肝炎(甲肝)的流行病学特征,为本地制定甲肝的防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集2004-2018年绵阳市甲肝疫情资料,采用描述流行病学方法对甲肝疫情进行分析。结果 2004-2018年绵阳市累计报告甲肝病例2 705例,平均报告发病率3.64/10万,报告发病率总体呈下降趋势,由2004年的12.90/10万降低至2018年的0.62/10万,下降了95.19%。2004-2008年病例主要集中在安县、三台县和平武县,2009-2013、2014-2018年病例主要集中在平武县、北川羌族自治县和安县。全年均有发病,其中2015、2016年甲肝的发病有一定季节性,集中度(M)值分别为0.31和0.36。人群以农民为主(66.8%),男性发病多于女性,发病高峰年龄以30~44岁年龄组为主(35.05%),有发病高峰年龄后移现象。结论绵阳市甲型病毒性肝炎报告发病率逐年下降,特别是2008-07扩大免疫规划以来,以甲肝疫苗接种为主的预防控制措施成效显著,今后在继续做好甲肝疫苗预防接种工作的同时,针对重点人群和高发地区,调整防控策略,持续控制甲肝流行。

Objective To analyze the epidemical characteristics of hepatitis A in Mianyang city from2004 to 2018, and to provide a scientific basis for making prevention and control strategies of hepatitis A. Methods The data about epidemics of hepatitis A in Mianyang from 2004 to 2018 were collected and analyzed with descriptive epidemiology methods.Results A total of 2 705 cases of hepatitis A were reported in Mianyang during this period, the average reported incidence was 3.64/105, the reported incidence of hepatitis A were generally showing an decreasing trend. The incidence decreased from 12.9/10~5 in 2004 to 0.62/105 in 2018, with a decrease of 95.19%. The incidence of Anxian, Santai and Pingwu counties was higher than others during 2004-2008, during 2008-2013 and 2014-2018, the mainly epidemic areas were in Pingwu, Beichuan and Anxian counties.Morbidity was observed throughout the year,the incidence has a certain degree of seasonality in 2015 and 2016, Concentration(M) value was about 0.31 and 0.36.The major population parts of the reported cases were peasants (66.8%),The incidence in males was higher than that in females. For the point of onset age from 2004 to 2018, the peak age was 30-44 years old(35.05%), The peak age of the cases showed the trend of backward shift. Conclusion The reported incidence of hepatitis A gradually decreased year by year in Mianyang, Especially since the strategy of expanding planned immunization has been implemented in July of 2008, the control measures, including hepatitis A virus vaccine inoculation had achieved remarkable effective,a suggestion for the public health department was to continue to fully implement hepatitis A vaccination, at the same time, the prevention and control strategies should be adjusted, especially for the populations at high risk and areas with high incidence,the control of hepatitis A should be concerned.