重庆市江津区儿童青少年近视现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence of Myopia and its Influencing Factors Among Children and Adolescents in Jiangjin District of Chongqing

目的了解2018年重庆市江津区儿童青少年近视的现状,及发生近视主要的影响因素,提供能更科学、有效地预防控制近视的依据。方法 2018-12采用分层整群随机抽样的方法选取重庆市江津区10所学校共计2 940名儿童青少年进行调查,其中2 940人参与视力筛查项目,2 676人参与问卷调查项目。应用SPSS 17.0统计软件进行χ2检验和多因素Logistic分析重庆市江津区儿童青少年近视现状及影响因素。结果重庆市江津区儿童青少年近视总检出率为48.81%,女生(56.72%)高于男生(41.32%);普通高中近视率(78.95%)高于幼儿园(11.74%)和小学(33.79%),儿童青少年近视率随学龄段增长而不断升高,差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=98.429,P<0.05)。在近视程度构成中,轻度近视(64.85%)和中度近视(30.40%)占主要部分。多因素分析显示,性别为男生相比女生更不易发生近视,用电脑时眼睛距离显示屏总是超过66 cm和近距离用眼0.5~1(不含1)h后或1~2(不含2)h后休息1次眼睛是视力的保护因素;6岁以后(含6岁)开始参加课外辅导班,父母双方或其中一方近视是儿童青少年近视发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论儿童青少年近视较为严重,近视率随着学龄增长不断升高,其发生与多因素综合作用有关,预防近视迫切需要建立有针对性的干预性措施。

Objective To examine the prevalence rate and influencing factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Jiangji of Chongiqng so as to offer a scientific basis for myopia prevention. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 2 940 children and adolescents from ten schools in Jiangjin in December, 2012. The visual screening and questionnaire survey were finished by the selected participants. Among them, 2 940 people participated in the vision screening program, 2 676 people participated in the questionnaire survey. The SPSS 17.0 statistical software was used to perform chi-square tests and multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the prevalence rates of myopia and its influencing factors. Results The prevalence rate of myopia is 48.81%. The prevalence rate of myopia in girls(56.72%) is higher than that in boys(41.32%).The prevalence rate of myopia in high school students(78.95%) is significantly higher than that in kindergartens(11.74%) and that in primary school(33.79%). The prevalence rate of myopia showed an upward trend with the increase of school age,which was statistically significant (χ2 trend=98.429, P<0.05). As for the degree of myopia, it is mainly mild(64.85%) and moderate(30.40%). Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis revealed that boys are less likely to occur myopia than girls. Keeping the distance between eyes and the screen always over 66 cm when using computers and having a break for 0.5-1(except 1) hour or 1-2(except 2) hours after near work were protective factors of myopia. Participating in tutoring classes after school at the age of ≥6 years old and parental myopia were risk factors of myopia(P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of myopia is high among children and adolescents, and it showed an upward trend with the increasing of school age. There is an urgent need for establishing the targeted intervention measures.