主观感知的城市环境对居民健康的影响研究--基于全国60个县市的大样本调查

STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT ON RESIDENTS’ HHEEAALLTTHH: BASED ON A LARGE SAMPLE SURVEY OF 60 COUNTIES AND CITIES IN CHINA

在"健康中国"战略推进和健康城市建设背景下,关注城市建成环境对公共健康影响的研究日益增加。目前相关研究主要纳入了客观测量的城市环境变量,而主观感知的城市环境变量能够体现出客观测量的城市环境变量难以捕捉的健康影响效应,具体作用有待深入探究。本研究建立了个体、社区和城市三个层面的分析框架,基于中国社会科学院社会发展战略研究院于2016年开展的"社会态度与社会发展状况"全国大样本问卷调研数据,探究主观感知的城市物质环境和服务环境对居民自评健康的影响作用并识别显著影响要素。研究发现:感知的城市环境对居民自评健康具有显著影响,其中居民对城市绿化、基础设施状况、住房保障和医疗服务的感知是影响自评健康较为主要的环境感知因素。最后本研究基于定量分析结果讨论对健康城市评价和研究的启示,推动健康城市的发展。

Under the background of the "Healthy China" policy and healthy city, there is an increasing focus on the impact of the urban built environment on public health. Past studies mainly adopted objective urban environment variables while the impact of the perceived urban environment on residents’ health remained inconclusive. This study aims to explore the association between perceived urban environment and health and identify perceived environment factors that significantly affect residents’ health. A three-level analysis of individuals, neighborhoods, and cities was conducted to reveal the effects. This study was based on a large sample(N=7936) of questionnaires on social attitudes and social development conducted by the National Institute of Social Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in 2016. Variance analysis was used to explore the variation in self-rated health and the perceived urban environment of different socioeconomic and demographic population groups and residents belonging to different types of neighborhoods. Logistic models were used to verify the effects of the perceived urban environment on residents’ self-rated health with the individual and neighborhood-level variables being controlled. This study found that residents’ perception of urban environment is not only a reflection of objective environmental quality but also affected by social demographic characteristics and socioeconomic status.