生产资料所有制与人的发展——马克思恩格斯所有制理论的根本指向及其在当代中国的实践

The Ownership of the Means of Production and the Fulfillment of Human Beings——The Orientation of Marx and Engels’ Theory of Ownership and Its Practice in Contemporary China

无产阶级的解放与人的自由全面发展,是马克思恩格斯的所有制理论的灵魂。马克思恩格斯主张消灭的私有制,是建立在阶级对立与剥削基础上的、以劳动力与生产资料相分离为前提的、必然导致人的发展片面化畸形化的资本主义私有制。他们所主张的生产资料社会所有制,核心就在于劳动力与生产资料的充分结合,以及由此而来的人的解放与自由全面发展。在当代中国,应当把人的发展,特别是创业就业的积极性,确立为推进所有制结构改革的根本标准。改革开放以来新生的民营经济,在传统的国有制、集体所有制之外,为中国特色社会主义所有制理论和实践增添了新内容,为人们更好地实现精神追求和自身价值提供了新渠道、新载体。

The liberation of the proletariat and the free and all-round development of human beings are the soul of Marx and Engels’ theory of ownership.The private ownership that they intended to eliminate is the one that is funded on the class antagonism and exploitation with the separation of labor force from the means of production as its premise.And the core of the social ownership of the means of production that they advocated lies in the full combination of labor force and the means of production,as well as the liberation and free and all-round development of human beings.Since China’s implement of reform and opening up,the burgeoning private economy,besides its traditional state ownership and collective ownership,has added vital and fresh elements to the theory and practice of socialist ownership with Chinese characteristics,and provided new channels and means for people to better realize the spiritual pursuit and the individual value of each.