免疫印迹法测定赤壁市变应性鼻炎患者过敏原结果分析

Determination of Allergens in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis in Chibi City by Western Blotting

目的:了解赤壁市变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis,AR)患者常见过敏原分布的特点,为临床防治提供资料。方法:收集2016年1月-2019年11月本院耳鼻喉科收治的322例AR患者,依照年龄分为儿童组(2~18岁)93例,成人组(19~78岁)229例。采用免疫印迹法检测患者血清中吸入性、食物性过敏原特异性抗体IgE,计算各项过敏原的阳性率。结果:322例AR患者中,有276例检出特异性IgE阳性,阳性检出率为85.71%。其中,1种过敏原阳性者53例(19.20%),同时有2种或2种以上过敏原阳性者223例(80.80%)。本地区主要以吸入性过敏原为主,吸入性过敏原前3位分别是屋尘螨/粉尘螨(156例,48.45%)、树花粉组合(78例,24.22%)、狗毛皮屑(40例,12.42%);食物性过敏原前3位分别是牛奶(38例,11.80%)、虾(34例,10.56%)、鸡蛋白(33例,10.25%)。不同年龄组间,屋尘螨/粉尘螨、树花粉组合、狗毛皮屑、屋尘、真菌组合、牛奶、鸡蛋白的阳性率有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论:赤壁市AR患者吸入性过敏原以螨、树花粉和狗毛皮屑为主,食物性过敏原以牛奶、虾和鸡蛋白为主,且儿童与成人患者在过敏原分布上有所不同。

Objective To investigate the distribution of common allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR)in Chibi city and provide data for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods A total of 322 AR patients admitted to our department of otolaryngology from January 2016 to November 2019 were divided into children's group(2~18 years old)with 93 cases and adult group(19~78 years old)with 229 cases.Western blotting was used to detect the inhaled and food allergen-specific antibody IgE in the patients'serum,and the positive rate of each allergen was calculated.Results Of the 322 AR patients,276 were positive for specific IgE,and the positive detection rate was 85.71%.Among them,53 cases(19.20%)were positive for one type of allergen,and 223 cases(80.80%)were positive for two or more types of allergens.The main inhaled allergens in this area were house dust mite/dust mite(156 cases,48.45%),tree pollen combination(78 cases,24.22%),dog fur debris(40 Cases,12.42%);the top three food allergens were milk(38 cases,11.80%),shrimp(34 cases,10.56%),and egg whites(33 cases,10.25%).Among different age groups,the positive rates of house dust mite/dust mite,tree pollen combination,dog dander,house dust,fungus combination,milk,and egg white protein were significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion The main inhaled allergens of AR patients in Chibi city were mites,tree pollen and dog hair dandruff,and the main food allergens were milk,shrimp and chicken protein.The distribution of allergens was different between children and adult patients.