农村义务教育师资供给与供给侧改革

The Supply and Supply-Side Reform of Rural Compulsory Education Teachers

农村义务教育师资供给状况决定师资需求的满足程度与教育质量。随着农村义务教育师资供给主要关注从"有没有"向"好不好"的转变,农村义务教育师资供给侧改革日益成为迫切需要关注的时代课题。通过构建理论分析框架,从来源供给、制度供给与要素供给考察农村义务教育师资供给现状,可以发现高等学校毕业生数量准备充足但专业准备不充分,编制标准有所改进但学校规模与功能特征考虑不充分,补偿制度已初步建立但师资特别是优质师资供给可达性有待提高。我国经济发展水平、乡村振兴战略、公平而有质量的教育发展追求为农村义务教育师资供给侧改革提供了有利条件。推进农村义务教育师资供给侧改革,需要找准侧重点与切入点,提高师资供给质量,优化制度供给配置,推进要素供给创新,密切供需对接耦合。

The supply of rural compulsory education teachers determines the demand for rural school teachers and the quality of rural compulsory education.As the teacher supply tends to focus on the change from whether there is such a teacher supply to whether the teacher supply is of high quality,the supply-side reform of rural compulsory education teachers has gradually become an urgent issue.On the basis of an analytical framework,and from the perspectives of the source supply,the system supply and the factor supply,the present study explores the current supply of rural compulsory education teachers.The results show the following:There are sufficient college/university graduates,but their professional competence is unsatisfactory;the standard for the staff size of rural compulsory education teachers has been improved,but the rural school size and functions are not properly considered;and the compensation system has basically established,but the available supply of rural school teachers,especially of high-quality rural school teachers needs to be improved.The economic development in China,the strategy of rural revitalization,and a pursuit of the development of fair and quality education provide favorable conditions for the supply-side reform of rural compulsory education teachers.To push forward such reform,we need to determine the key points and entry points,improve the quality of the source supply,optimize the system supply,increase the innovation of the factor supply,and closely connect the teacher supply with the demand for teachers.