密度与化控对麦后直播棉产量及与机采相关的农艺性状影响

Effects of density and chemical control on seed cotton yield and agronomic characteristics related to machine harvest for direct-seeded cotton after wheat

以麦后直播特早熟品种国新早11-1为供试材料,设置不同密度(7.5、9.0、10.5万株·hm^-2)和生长调节剂棉太金(0、1 170、2 340 mL·hm^-2),研究其对麦后直播棉产量及与机采相关的农艺性状影响。结果表明:在密度(9.0~10.5万株·hm^-2)和棉太金用量1 170 mL·hm^-2条件下,籽棉产量在3 551.25 kg·hm^-2以上。在此条件下,群体现蕾主要集中于7月16日-7月31日,成铃主要集中于8月16日-9月20日。在株型方面,上述处理整个生育期均保持较为适宜的株高日增量,最适株高为84.5 cm;果枝始节位为5-6节位间;果枝始节位高度均在20 cm以上;果枝长度保持在17 cm左右;果节量能保持在360~375万个·hm^-2之间。说明中高密度配合适宜棉太金化控能实现小麦后直播棉的集中现蕾、集中成铃与高产,并使得棉花株型达到机采要求。

In order to clarify the density and chemical control effect of key technologies for high yield and high efficiency of cotton after wheat, the early-maturing variety Guoxinzao 11-1 was used as the experimental material, and the study was conducted in the cultivation physiology laboratory of Yangzhou University in 2011-2012 under the direct-seeded after wheat cropping system, and the randomized complete block design was arranged with three planting densities(75 000, 90 000, 105 000 plants·hm-2), and three Miantaijin rates(0, 1 170, 2 340 mL·hm^-2). The results showed that under the density(90 000-105 000 plants·hm^-2) and 1 170 mL·hm^-2 Miantaijin, the seed cotton yield reached 3 551.25 kg·hm^-2. Under these conditions, the square setting were mainly concentrated in July 16th to July 31 st, and the boll setting were mainly concentrated in August 16 to September 20. In terms of plant type, the above-mentioned treatments maintained a proper increase in plant height per day, and the final plant height was close to 84.5 cm;the initial nodes of the fruit branches were between 5-6 nodes;the initial nodes of the fruit branches were all above 20 cm from the ground. The length of the fruit branches was kept at around 17 cm. The amount of fruit nodes can be maintained at 3 600-3 750 thousand·hm^-2. The medium-high density combined with proper Miantaijin rates can realize the concentrated square setting, concentrated boll setting and high yield, and make the cotton plant type meet the requirements of machine harvesting.