浅谈乌鲁木齐市大气主要污染物浓度与儿童呼吸道疾病日门诊量相关性研究

The Correlation between the Concentration of Main Atmospheric Pollutants and the daily outpatient visits of children’s respiratory diseases in Urumqi

目的调查乌鲁木齐市区冬春季节空气污染物浓度及其与儿童呼吸道疾病的相关性。方法收集通过乌鲁木齐市PM2.5官方网络收集乌鲁木齐市大气主要为污染物每日空气污染物浓度的数据,并同时收集2017年11月1日-2018年3月31日期间的新疆医科大学第一附属医院儿童门急诊患者每日就诊量数据,分析空气污染物与儿童呼吸道疾病的相关性。采用Spearman分析空气污染物彼此之间相互关系和空气污染物浓度与儿童呼吸道疾病之间的相关性。利用线性回归分析大气污染物对儿童呼吸道疾病每日就诊量的影响。结果利用双变量相关和Spearman分析法分析大气污染物与儿童呼吸道疾病相关性研究,分析发现上呼吸道感染与空气污染指数(AQI),PM2.5,CO呈显著的正相关,与O3呈负相关;支气管肺炎与空气污染指数(AQI),PM2.5,CO,PM10,NO2,呈正相关,与O3呈负相关;哮喘与任何主要大气污染物不呈比例关系;总门急诊量仅与O3呈负相关。结论大气中主要污染物浓度与儿童常见呼吸道疾病有关,应进一步研究和采取措施保护儿童身心健康。

Objective To investigate the correlation between the concentration of air pollutants in winter and spring in Urumqi and the daily outpatient visits of pediatric patients with respiratory diseases. Methods The data of the concentration of daily air pollutants in Urumqi were collected through PM2.5 official network in Urumqi. At the same time, the data of daily outpatients visits amount of pediatric patients at the emergency department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from November 1 st, 2017 to March31 st, 2018 were collected to analyze the correlation between air pollutants and respiratory diseases in pediatric patients. Spearman Method was aplied to analyze the interrelationship between different air pollutants and the relevance of the concentration of air pollutants to pediatric respiratory diseases. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of atmospheric pollutants on daily outpatients volume of pediatric patients with respiratory diseases. Results Bivariate correlation and Spearman Method were used to analyze the relevance of air pollutants to pediatric respiratory diseases. The results showed that upper respiratory tract infection was significantly positively correlated with air pollution index(API), PM2.5 and CO and negatively correlated with O3. Bronchopneumonia was positively correlated with air pollution index(API), PM2.5, CO, PM10, and NO2, and negatively correlated with O3. The number of visits of Asthma patients had no correlation with any main air pollutants. Total number of outpatient and emergency visits had merely a negative correlation with O3. Conclusion The concentration of major pollutants in the atmosphere is related to common pediatric respiratory diseases. Further research should be designed and more measures should be taken to protect children’s both physical and mental health.