运营阶段桥梁灾害综述

Reviews of hazards to bridges in service

随着我国经济发展的不断加快,基础设施建设也日臻完善。桥梁作为现代交通生命线工程中的重要组成部分,在加快地区间交通物流方面发挥着重要作用。然而,人为或自然灾害如洪水、地震、船撞、火灾、风灾等会对桥梁造成严重损坏,严重影响了在役桥梁的运营。因此,为提高桥梁在遭受灾害时的韧性,减小这些灾害对经济社会的影响,对运营阶段的桥梁在极端灾害下的反应进行研究非常必要。本文首先对桥梁主要灾害进行分类,展示国内外桥梁灾害的真实案例并分析了事故原因。然后总结了桥梁灾害研究在理论计算、数值模拟及试验方法等各方面的最新进展,指出了各研究方向目前面临的主要问题。最后基于当前研究现状,对未来桥梁灾害的进一步研究趋势进行了展望。

With the increasing pace of economic development in our country,infrastructure facilities have also been improved.Among various key components of lifeline systems,bridges play an important role in the aspect of promoting inter-regional transportation.However,bridges were damaged by human actions and natural hazards such as floods,earthquakes,vessel impacts,fires and wind,thereby adversely affecting their functions at the operation stage.To enhance the resilience of bridges subjected to various hazards and alleviate the economic and social impacts,it is important to have better understanding of bridges in service under the threat of these extreme hazards.In this study,various extreme hazards to bridges were classified with reference to real events which had occurred either in this country or abroad.Then,the latest achievements in tackling each type of hazards to bridges including theorectical calculations,numerical simualtions and experimental studies were reviewed,and the associated challenges were also highlighted.Finally,suggestions were provided for further stady of hazards to bridges based on current research situations.