基于长时序T/P和Jason系列卫星高度计数据的中国南海潮汐信息提取研究

Extraction of tidal information in the South China Sea base on long time series of T/P and Jason series altimeter data

本文利用j、v模型对26年长时间序列的多个卫星高度计(TOPEX/Poseidon和Jason-1、Jason-2、Jason-3)变轨前后两种轨道的数据,使用调和分析法提取南海M2、S2、K1和O1分潮的调和常数.首次将Jason-3高度计数据用于潮汐信息提取研究,证明了Jason-3高度计与Jason-2高度计数据具有较好的一致性和连续性,且数据可用性强.提出并使用回归诊断法分析卫星轨道的交叉点处上升轨和下降轨之间调和分析结果的误差和相关系数,同时检验与评估潮汐信息提取方法的稳定性;选取南海47个验潮站,将验潮站实测数据与得到的卫星高度计数据提取的调和分析结果进行比较,进而检验潮汐提取结果的精度.最后,绘制同潮图验证提取潮汐调和常数的准确性.结果表明:M2、S2、K1和O1分潮的振幅均方根分别为4.28 cm、2.24 cm、2.92 cm、3.10 cm,迟角均方根分别为10.88°、11.10°、7.95°、7.02°;并且,本文提取的潮汐调和常数与之前的研究对比显示,基于长时间序列的TOPEX/Poseidon和Jason系列卫星高度计数据的联合使用,使提取的潮汐调和常数的精确度得到明显提高.

This paper conducted the harmonic analysis of the 26-year long time satellite altimeters(TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1, Jason-2 and Jason-3) data before and after orbital transformation by using the j,v model. The tidal harmonic constants of the main tidal constituents M2,S2,K1 and O1 in the South China sea were extracted. The Jason-3 altimeter data were used to extract the tidal information for the first time, which proved that the Jason-3 altimeter and Jason-2 altimeter had good consistency and continuity, and the data were highly applicable. Regression diagnostic method was proposed to analyze the errors and correlation coefficients of tidal harmonic analysis results between ascending and descending passes at crossover points. Meanwhile, the stability of tidal information extraction method was tested and evaluated. In 47 selected tidal stations, the tidal harmonic analysis results extracted from satellite altimeter data were compared with the measured data at these stations to verify the accuracy of tidal extraction results. Finally, the accuracy of the extracted tidal harmonic constants was verified by cotidal mapping. The results indicated that the RMSH of the four main tidal constituents(M2, S2, K1, O1) were 4.28 cm,2.24 cm,2.92 cm,3.10 cm and RMSg of them were 10.88°,11.10°,7.95°,7.02°. A comparison between the extracted tidal harmonic constants with them in the previous studies showed that the accuracy of tidal harmonic constants had been significantly improved through combining long time series TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason series satellite altimeter data.