民族农村地区养老服务供需现状及养老服务体系建设研究

Research on the demand and supply of elderly care service in ethnic rural areas and construction of elderly care service system

[目的]分析西南民族农村地区的养老供需现状,为民族农村地区养老服务体系的完善提出对策。[方法]采用立意整群抽样,对665名傣族、侗族、藏族农村居家老人进行调查,运用描述性统计方法对3个民族农村地区的养老供需现状进行分析。[结果]民族地区农村老年人多发慢性病且失能率高,倾向于有社会养老服务支撑的居家养老意愿强(傣族97.4%、侗族96.6%,藏族99.6%);自报告医疗保健康复需求高居首位(傣族占81.28%,侗族占87.66%,藏族占67.80%);养老机构建设投入增加、养老机构数与床位数增加,但集中分布在州、县、乡;养老院环境显著改善,但入住率较低,傣族为11.03%,侗族为22.61%,藏族为7.2%。[结论]民族地区农村老人居家养老意愿强,现有养老服务体系与养老需求脱节;家庭社区层面医养资源分离、投入少使多层次医养服务体系建设难落实;少数民族文化多元,加剧了服务体系建设的复杂性。

Objective It analyzes the demand and supply of elderly care service in ethnic rural areas so as to provide countermeasures for perfecting pension system in ethnic rural areas.Methods It used determination cluster sampling method to investigate 665 old people of rural Dai,Dong and Zang nationalities,analyzed the demand and supply of elderly care service in three ethnic rural areas by descriptive statistical method.Results The elderly in ethnic rural areas has multiple chronic disease and with high rate of disability,they tend to the willingness of home-based care which was supported by social health care service(97.4%in Dai nationality,96.6%in Dong nationality and 99.6%in Zang nationality).The demand of health care and rehabilitation were head the list(81.28%in Dai nationality,87.66%in Dong nationality and 67.80%in Zang nationality).The investment was increased in pension institute construction,as well the number of bed,but they were concentrated distribution in prefecture,county and township.The environment of old people s home was improved,but occupancy rate was low(11.03%in Dai nationality,22.61%in Dong nationality and 7.2%in Zang nationality).Conclusions Elderly in ethnic rural areas have strong home-based care willingness.It is disjointed between current pension service system and pension demand.Separation of medical treatment and nursing resource in family and community,few investment lead to difficult implement of medical treatment and nursing service system.Minority nationality has cultural diversity,intensify the complexity of service system construction.