广西芒果病虫害发生情况和防治现状调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Occurrence and Current Control Status of Mango Diseases and Insect Pests in Guangxi

为准确了解当前广西芒果病虫害的防治现状及存在的问题,本研究通过网络平台、会议交流、实地调查等形式进行调研并统计分析,以期为芒果病虫害的绿色防控提供基础数据。广西芒果产区经营方式主要以家庭农场经营为主,占70.83%;种植品种主要包括’台农’、’桂7’、’金煌’、’热农1号’、’贵妃’、’桂10’和’金兴’等,且71.58%的果园同时种有2个或2个以上品种。总体上芒果病害的发生为害程度较虫害严重,以芒果细菌性黑斑病和炭疽病最为严重。芒果病虫害使用最普遍的防治方法为施用化学药剂,且98.95%的种植户单次用药选择2种或2种以上混配使用,其中单次选用2~3种药剂混配的占55.32%。对于选择药剂的方式,不同种植年限的种植户不同,总体上,44.34%的种植户依靠自己经验或邻居介绍,36.79%依靠农药店推荐,18.87%按农技人员指导用药。药剂成本的投入在200~1000元/667 m^2不等,但是药剂投入与产量并没有成正比关系。

To clarify the current control status and existing problems of mango diseases and insect pests control in Guangxi and provide some basic data for the green prevention and control, a series of data were collected and analyzed by the network voting, questionnaire investigation and field survey. Family farms are dominated in Guangxi, accountted for 70.83%. The mango varieties mainly include ’Tainong’, ’GUI 7’, ’Jinhuang’, ’Renong 1’, ’Guifei’, ’GUI 10’ and ’Jin xing’. 71.58% of mango orchards have two or more varieties. Generally, the occurrence of mango diseases is more serious than those of insect pests in Guangxi. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Xanthomonas campestris are the most serious diseases. Chemical control is the most favorite method against the mango diseases and insect pests. 98.95% of farmers adopt the practice of mixing two or more kinds of pesticides when application, 55.32% of farmers choose 2 to 3 kinds of pesticides to mix. The pesticide selection is different. 44.34% farmers rely on their own experience or neighbors, 36.79% rely on the recommendation of pesticide stores, and 18.87% rely on the guidance by agricultural technicians. The input cost of pesticides ranges from 200 to 1000 yuan/667 m^2, but there is no positive correlation between the input cost and mango yield.