农村基础设施能缩小城乡收入差距吗?——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

Can Rural Infrastructure Narrow the Urban-Rural Income Gap?:Empirical Analysis Based on Inter-Provincial Panel Data

城乡收入差距过大将影响到我国全面建成小康社会目标的实现,受到社会各界的广泛关注,那么农村基础设施是否能缩小城乡收入差距?本文基于2005—2016年全国30个省市(西藏、港澳台地区除外)数据实证检验我国农村水利、交通、物流、能源4类农村基础设施对城乡收入差距的影响机制。研究结果表明:我国农村水利、能源基础设施对缩小城乡收入差距影响都具有积极作用,能源基础设施的作用效果较弱,而农村交通、物流基础设施不存在积极影响。进一步按照经济发展水平将全国划分为发达地区和欠发达地区,两个地区农村交通、能源基础设施实证结果与全国相一致,但农村水利、物流基础设施结果存在空间异质性。其中,欠发达地区农村水利基础设施对缩小城乡收入差距不存在积极影响,但在全国和发达地区中存在显著的积极影响。此外,发达地区农村物流基础设施对缩小城乡收入差距存在显著的积极影响,而全国和欠发达地区农村物流基础设施不存在这种积极影响。

A large urban-rural income gap will affect the realization of the goal of completing the building of an all-round well-off society in China,which has attracted extensive attention from all sectors of society,so can rural infrastructure narrow the urban-rural income gap?This paper expounds the theoretical mechanism of rural water conservancy,transportation,logistics and energy infrastructure affecting the urban-rural income gap,and makes an empirical test based on the data of 30 provinces and cities(except Tibet,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan)from 2005 to 2016.The results show that China’s rural water conservancy and energy infrastructure have a positive effect on narrowing the gap between urban and rural income,that energy infrastructure has a weak effect,while rural transportation and logistics infrastructure have no positive effect.The whole China was further divided into developed and less-developed regions according to the level of economic development.The empirical results of rural transportation and energy infrastructure in the two regions were consistent with those in the whole country,but there was spatial heterogeneity in the results of rural water conservancy and logistics infrastructure.Among them,rural water conservancy infrastructure in less developed areas has no positive impact on narrowing the urban-rural income gap,but it has a significant positive impact in the whole country and developed areas.In addition,the rural logistics infrastructure in developed areas has a significant positive impact on narrowing the urban-rural income gap,while the rural logistics infrastructure in the whole country and less developed areas does not have such a positive impact.