锂资源提取与回收及锂制备工艺研究现状

Research status of extraction and recovery of lithium resources and preparation process of lithium

随着锂电池市场需求的不断扩大,锂资源的提取与回收成为研究的热点。介绍了盐湖卤水提锂工艺中沉淀法和萃取法的研究进展。重点阐述了废旧锂离子电池正极材料回收锂资源的研究现状。介绍了金属锂的制备工艺,包括熔盐电解法和真空热还原法,其中真空热还原法包括硅热还原法、铝热还原法和铁热还原法。目前盐湖卤水萃取法提锂的工业化是需要解决的重点问题;废旧锂离子电池锂资源的绿色回收是当前研究的热点,在保证锂回收效率的同时尽量选用有机酸以减少污染,同时废旧锂离子电池的工业化回收前景广阔;真空热还原制备锂单质目前仍处于实验室研究阶段,连续化生产是研究的主要方向。

With the continuous expansion of the demand for lithium batteries,the extraction and recycling of lithium resources has become a research hotspot.The research progress of precipitation and extraction methods in the lithium extraction process of salt lake brine was introduced,and the research status of lithium resources in the waste lithium ion battery cathode material was highlighted.The preparation process of metallic lithium,such as molten salt electrolysis method and vacuum thermal reduction method,was also introduced.Vacuum thermal reduction method included silicon thermal reduction method,aluminothermic reduction method and iron thermal reduction method.At present,the industrialization of salt lake brine extraction method is a key issue to be solved.The green recycling of waste lithium-ion batteries is a hot research topic.When ensuring the recovery efficiency,organic acids should be used as much as possible to reduce pollution.The industrial recycling of waste lithium-ion batteries has broad prospects.The vacuum thermal reduction method is still in the laboratory research stage and needs further research.The continuous production is the main researching direction.