劳动者辞职预告期的法律性质辨析

Analysis on the Legal Nature of Employee’s Resignation Notice Period

对于我国《劳动法》和我国《劳动合同法》规定的劳动者辞职预告期的法律性质,存在"程序说"和"条件说"的不同解读。"程序说"认为劳动者预告解除权生效不以预告期满为必要,但这既不利于实现预告期的主要功能,在法理上存在缺陷,也不能为现行法的正当性提供充分的解释依据。"条件说"认为预告期是劳动者预告解除权的生效条件,即辞职预告期是预告解除权所附的法定始期。现有著述对"条件说"内涵的揭示尚不充分,既会导致对"条件说"本身的误解,也无法克服"程序说"的缺陷,故需对"条件说"内涵作进一步揭示,以彻底克服"程序说"缺陷。"条件说"除了蕴含预告期是预告解除权的生效条件这一法律效果之外,还蕴含预告期内劳动者违法提前解除应承担赔偿责任、预告期内用人单位同意解除的性质是自助行为、预告期内允许劳动者和用人单位协议撤回预告解除权等三项法律效果。以"条件说"为依据,可以对实践中出现的约定延长预告期的争议的解决,从现行法中找到恰当的适用规则。

There are different interpretations of the legal nature of employee’s resignation notice period,i.e. " procedure theory" and " condition theory". " Procedure theory" indicates that the expiration of notice period is not the requirement of validity of right of rescission by noticing,so it is not conducive to the realization of main function of notice period,and has some jurisprudence defects and also cannot provide sufficient explanatory foundation for the legitimacy of the current law. " Condition theory" holds that the notice period is the condition of validity of right of rescission by noticing,i.e. legal term attached to the right of rescission by noticing. The current literature does not sufficiently reveal the connotation of the " Condition theory",which does not only lead to misunderstanding on the " Condition theory" itself,but also overcome the flaws of " procedure theory",so it is necessary to further reveal the connotation of " condition theory" in order to completely overcome the flaws of " procedure theory". In addition to the legal effect that the notice period is the condition of validity of right of rescission by noticing, " Condition theory" has another three legal effects: the employee shall assume liability for compensation if he illegally terminates the contract during the notice period;the nature of the employer’s consent to terminate the labor contract during the notice period is employer’s self-help behavior;the employer and employee are allowed to revoke right of rescission by noticing upon agreement during the notice period. Based on " condition theory",we can find out appropriate rules from the current labor legislation to resolve disputes over the extended notice period upon agreement.