考古材料所见宋代女性的活动及社会参与

Viewing Women′s Activities and Social Participation in the Song Dynasty from the Perspective of Archaeological Materials

宋代墓葬壁画、墓志铭文等考古资料所呈现出来的女性日常生活状态说明,宋代富裕阶层的女性虽然仍普遍受到女治内事、无故不窥中门道德理想的规范,但她们在赈济灾民、修葺寺院等方面仍有一定的外事参与;不预外事主要限于女性对其丈夫的政治活动,女性对其子嗣政治活动的参与则没有限制。平民阶层的女性由于生计所需,基本不受以上道德理想的约束。

The state of women′s daily life presented by archaeological materials such as epitaphs and inscriptions on tomb murals in the Song Dynasty showed that the women in the wealthy class in the Song Dynasty were generally restricted by the moral restraint that women only managed internal affairs,and should not peer at Zhongmen without reason,but they were still able to participate in external activities such as relieving victims and assisting temples repairs.No interference in external activities mainly referred to women′s limitation in participating in their husbands′political activities.Their participating in the political activities of their children was not restricted.However,the civilian class women were basically not bound by these morals for the necessity of making a living.