黄土高原县域贫困空间格局及地形影响因素研究

Spatial Distribution and Topographic Influencing Factors of Poverty-stricken Counties in the Loess Plateau of China

借鉴空间贫困研究的基本理论,以2017年的社会经济数据为基础,对国务院扶贫办认定的贫困县进行标识,探讨黄土高原县域贫困格局及其受地形环境的影响。结果表明:(1)黄土高原贫困县沿太行山、吕梁山、六盘山三座山脉和毛乌素沙漠一带聚集分布,呈现“三山一带”的空间分布格局。(2)贫困县的空间分布格局与人口、GDP、人均GDP的空间分布格局大相径庭,在人均GDP较高的鄂尔多斯地区也出现了贫困县的集中分布,说明仅靠社会经济因素不能很好地解释贫困县的空间分布。(3)地形环境对贫困县的空间分布有显著的影响。地形环境越恶劣的地方,贫困县分布越多。68%的贫困县分布在15°~25°高坡度范围内,76%的贫困县位于50~105 m的较大地形起伏度范围内。

Based on the basic theories of spatial poverty research and on the basis of the socio-economic data in 2017,this study identifies the poverty-stricken counties declared by the Poverty Alleviation Office of the State Council in 2012.The indexes of slope,terrain relief based on digital elevation model(DEM)and river density based on digital line graph(DLG)are used to investigate the effect of natural topographic environment on spatial distribution of poverty-stricken counties in the Loess Plateau.The results show that the poverty-stricken counties of the Loess Plateau present a spatial distribution pattern of“three mountains and one belt”,that is,poverty-stricken counties are particularly concentrated in the Taihang Mountain,Luliang Mountain,Liupan Mountain and the Mu Us Desert.The spatial distribution pattern of poverty-stricken counties is quite different from that of population,GDP and per capita GDP.In the Ordos region with high per capita GDP,there is also a concentrated distribution of poverty-stricken counties.This indicates that social and economic factors have limited influence on the spatial distribution of poverty-stricken counties.Results also show that topographic environment has a controlling effect on the spatial distribution of the poverty-stricken counties.The severer topographic environment is,the more poverty-stricken counties are distributed.68%of poverty-stricken counties are located in the high slope range of 15°~25°,and 76%of poverty-stricken counties are located within the range of large terrain fluctuations from 50 to 105 m.