秦皇岛市老年人参加长期护理保险的意愿及影响因素分析

Will of the aged to participate in long-term care insurance in Qinhuangdao and its influencing factors

目的探讨人口老龄化背景下秦皇岛市老年人参加长期护理保险的意愿,并分析其影响因素。方法2019年4—5月,采用分层整群随机抽样法,在秦皇岛市抽取450名老年人作为研究对象,通过自行编制的老年人长期护理保险需求调查问卷对其进行调查。运用描述性分析、χ2检验、Logistic回归分析等方法对老年人个体特征、经济状况、意识观念等结果进行分析。结果最终回收有效问卷445份。愿意参加长期护理保险的老年人占60.7%(270/445),希望保险补偿以现金或护理服务皆可为主(57.8%,156/270)。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、学历、有无配偶、居住情形、子女数、儿子数、主要照顾者、自觉健康状况、患慢性病数量、近1年住院次数、主要经济来源、月收入、医疗保障类型、照护场所偏好的老年人参加长期护理保险意愿差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为50.228、19.662、26.504、36.934、16.456、23.963、44.482、27.684、24.783、29.278、22.313、14.836、10.446、9.087;P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、有无配偶、主要照顾者为老年人参加长期护理保险意愿的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论秦皇岛市老年人参加长期护理保险的意愿不高,年龄低、无配偶、无人照顾的老年人更愿意参加长期护理保险。

Objective To explore the will of the aged to participate in long-term care insurance in Qinhuangdao and its influencing factors under the background of aging of population.Methods From April to May 2019,we selected 450 elderly people as subjects by stratified cluster random sampling in Qinhuangdao.All elderly people were investigated with the self-designed Long-term Care Insurance Need Questionnaire for the Aged.The individual characteristics,economic state and consciousness were analyzed with the methods of descriptive analysis,chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 445 valid questionnaires were collected.There were 60.7%(270/445)of aged with the wills to participate in long-term care insurance and 57.8%(156/270)of them hope the insurance mostly in cash or nursing service.Single factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences in the wills to participate in long-term care insurance among the aged with different ages,education levels,with or without a spouse,living situation,number of children,number of sons,primary caregivers,conscious health status,number of chronic diseases,number of hospitalizations in the past year,main source of income,monthly income,type of medical security,preference for care places(χ2=50.228,19.662,26.504,36.934,16.456,23.963,44.482,27.684,24.783,29.278,22.313,14.836,10.446,9.087;P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of the will of the aged to participate in long-term care insurance included the ages,spouses and caregivers with statistical differences(P<0.05).Conclusions Elderly people in Qinhuangdao are not willing to participate in long-term care insurance,and the elderly who are low age,have no spouse and have no caregivers are more willing to participate in long-term care insurance.