史传观念对小说命名的影响

The Influence of Historical Biography on the Title of the Novel

“重史”是中国文化的一大特色,史官文化在中国古代特别发达。作为史官文化代表的史传文学也广泛地影响到中国古代文学的各种题材,尤其对古代小说的影响尤为突出。这些影响明显地体现在小说的命名和叙事之中,在具体的小说命名中,文言小说的题目主要体现为“为人立传”和“补史之阙”,白话小说的题目主要体现为“讲史平话”和“演义志传”。而且,小说的命名也反映出小说叙事方式的不同、揭示了小说艺术形式的演变,也能表现出古代小说、尤其是白话小说文人性的过程。

“Focusing history”is one of the characteristics of Chinese cultures,so the historian culture in ancient China is particularly developed.As the representative of historiographers’culture,historical literature has also influenced various subjects of ancient Chinese literature,especially the ancient novels.These influences are obviously reflected in the naming and narration of the novels.In the specific naming of the novel,the title of the classical Chinese novel is mainly embodied in“the writing of biography”and“the supplementing of history”,and the title of the vernacular novel is mainly embodied in“telling historical stories”and“the parody of history”.Moreover,the naming of the novel also reflects the different narrative ways of the novel,reveals the evolution of the artistic form of the novel,and also shows the process of the literati nature of the ancient novel,especially the vernacular novels.