火塘边吟唱的“巴哈阿依”——哈尼族长诗《洛奇洛耶与扎斯扎依》国家级“非遗”传承人张桂芬访谈录

“Baha’ayi”Singing by the Fire:An Interview with Zhang Guifen,a National“Non-heritage”Inheritor of Hani Epopee Luoqiluoye and Zhasizhayi

自2009年哈尼族叙事长诗《洛奇洛耶与扎斯扎依》成为国家级非物质文化遗产项目以来,已有十余年之久。但该诗与我国许多少数民族叙事长诗一样陷入了固守传统与开拓创新的两难境地,出现了传承人年龄断层、受众群体减少等问题。作为叙事长诗《洛奇洛耶与扎斯扎依》目前唯一一位国家级“非遗”传承人,张桂芬老人在访谈过程中不仅介绍了该诗的传承机制、适用范围、演唱调式,而且涉及到传承中面临的困境、突破方法、创新途径等内容,为哈尼族口传文学和少数民族文化的传承、保护及发展方向提供了可行性建议。

It has been more than ten years since 2009 when the Hani narrative poem Luoqiluoye and Zhasizhayi became a national intangible cultural heritage project.But this poem,like many ethnic narrative long poems in our China,falls into the dilemma of sticking to tradition or opening up or innovating.As the only national“non-heritage”inheritor of the long narrative poem Luoqiluoye and Zhasizhayi,Zhang Guifen did not only introduce the inheritance mechanism,scope of application,and singing style,but also related to the difficulties faced in the inheritance,breakthrough methods,innovative ways and so on,which provides feasible suggestions for the inheritance,protection and development direction of the oral literature and cultures of Hani ethnics.