抗战时期张潜华先生的西南民族问题研究

Research on Southwestern Ethnic Problems of Zhang Qianhua during the Anti-Japanese War

抗战时期时任教育部边疆教育委员会委员的张潜华先生,感到西南民族问题的解决迫在眉睫,完成了《西南民族问题》一书。此书以民族纠纷为切入点,论述了抗战时期湖南“永绥抗租”、广西“桂北瑶变”、云南“邱北苗变”的原因和经过,简单提及了贵州石门坎苗民异化事件,探讨了这些事件爆发后对西南各省民族政策的影响。张先生认为以“永绥抗租”“桂北瑶变”“邱北苗变”等为代表的所谓“西南民族问题”,仅是社会和政治问题,并不是民族问题。此书在当时即引起了学界的关注,罗香林、署名“玄默”和“燕”者都有评价,改革开放以来现当代学者也逐渐重视、引用此书。此书是首次系统研究“永绥抗租”“桂北瑶变”“邱北苗变”的专书,张先生的研究兼顾了实地考察与文献资料的结合,其主张与西南夷苗请愿人士和费孝通先生“中华民族多元一体格局”的主张有共通处,张先生关于西南民族问题的认识对于新时代正确辨析民族问题有积极意义。

During the Anti-Japanese War,Mr.Zhang Qianhua,a member of the Frontier Education Committee of the Ministry of Education at that time,felt that the solution to the southwest ethnic problems was imminent and completed the book Southwest Ethnic Problems.This book takes the ethnic dispute as the breakthrough point,discusses the reasons and the process about Yongsui Anti-rent in Hunan,Yao Change of Guangxi Guibei,and Miao Chaos of Qiubei in Yunnan,simply mentions Miao people’s alienation events at Shimenkan of Guizhou,discusses the impact of these events on ethnic policy of the southwest provinces.Mr.Zhang believes that the so-called“southwest ethnic problems”,represented by Yongsui Anti-rent,Yao Change of Guibei and Miao Chaos of Qiu Bei,are only social and political problems,not ethnic ones.This book attracted the attention of the academic circles at that time,and Luo Xianglin,signed“Xuanmo”and“Yan”all had the appraisal.Since the reform and opening up,the modern and contemporary scholars have gradually paid attention to and quoted this book.This book,a special one,is the first systematic study of Yongsui Anti-rent,Yao Change of Guibei,Miao Chaos of Qiubei.In the book,Mr.Zhang combines his ideas of the field investigations and literature,and southwest Yi and Miao’s petitioners and Mr.Fei Xiaotong’s“multi-integration pattern of the Chinese nation”.Mr.Zhang’s understanding of the ethnic problems in Southwest China is of positive significance to the correct discrimination of ethnic problems in the new era.